Types of colonies

The Colonies

Jamestown (1607-1624) Created by the Virginia Company, a joint-stock company Major problems in beginning: 1) Weather 2) Location Disease 3) Native American attacks 4) Laziness Hero of Jamestown= John Smith, becomes governor in 1608 Makes alliance w/Native American chief Powhatan

Jamestown, “the starving time” 1609-1610 Similar problems as first year: Starvation & disease, Impact: 1) Powhatan Natives bailed on alliance, not profitable 2) British began attacks on Native Americans for food/resources 3) Almost abandonment of Jamestown

Virginian Gold

Plymouth & Massachusetts Bay Created out of religious motivations Plymouth (1620): Pilgrims/Separatists (Radical Protestants); Raised funds to take Mayflower to Plymouth Rock; Mingled well w/Native Americans for some time Massachusetts Bay (1629/1630): Puritans & Massachusetts Bay Company; Led by John Winthrop his idea of a “City Upon a Hill”

New England Colonies

The Puritans Puritans sought a homogenous (like-minded) community that was based on strong religious beliefs & literacy Very strict rules; Focus on outward displays of Christianity (Conversion, church attendance, ability to read the bible, not questioning/criticizing)

New England (continued) Rhode Island (1644)= Roger Williams & Anne Hutchinson; Tolerant of all faiths, refuge

Connecticut & New Hampshire (New England) Formed in 1665 after founding of Hartford (1636) & New Haven (1637); Royal Charter; 1st written constitution New Hampshire, separated from Mass. Bay (1679), King Charles II made it a royal colony

New England Confederation (1643) Alliance b/t Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, & Connecticut Two reps from each colony King Philip’s War (1675-1676)= Wampanoags vs. Colonists; Colonists aided by Iroquois Confederation

Chesapeake Colonies= Maryland & Virginia Maryland= 1st proprietary colony, chartered in 1632; Catholic Haven

New York & New Jersey NY, 1664: Charles II grants land to Duke of York, taken from Dutch NJ, 1664: Given to Lord John Berkeley & Sir George Carteret

The Carolinas 1663= 8 nobles granted Carolinas, 1729= Royal North & South Carolinas united

Pennsylvania & Delaware 1681= William Penn granted Pennsylvania 1702= Lower 3 counties of PA become Delaware

Georgia 1732= Chartered, Direct financial support from London; James Oglethorpe

Mercantilism & Navigation Acts Economic philosophy, wealth determines a country’s military/economic/political strength Goal: Maximize exports/minimize imports of a colony

Bacon’s Rebellion (1676) Caused by economic issues b/t large & small planters, failed leadership, & failed protection from Indian attacks

Impact of Bacon’s Rebellion 1) Shifted away from use of indentured servants More use of African slaves 2) England attempts to take more control of colonies Mercantilist policies Creation of the Dominion of New England (1686-1688)

Slavery

House of Burgesses & Mayflower Compact

Regional differences of the colonies

Are the British alone?

Population changes 1700s 1701 (250,000); 1775 (2,500,000)= Large immigration & high birthrate (Almost 8 children per family) Immigrant groups: Germans & Scotch-Irish (Moved from Scotland to Ireland then colonies, Protestants)

Emergence of political culture Colonies led by governors appointed by the King, proprietors, or popular vote (RI/CT) Legislatures of colonies consisted of two houses: Upper & Lower House Lower House: Reps. (elected by eligible voters) voted on taxes Upper House: Reps. appointed by the King & proprietors, approved or rejected governor’s proposed laws

Emergence of Political culture The Press: Newspapers rose dramatically during the 1700s The Zenger Case (1735) Idea of Freedom of the Press