North America

King William’s War (1689-1697) & Queen Anne’s War (1702-1713)

King George’s War (1744-1748)

The French & Indian War (1754-1763) Ohio River Valley

The French & Indian War (1754-1763) Fort Duquesne Battle at Jumonville Glen (May 28, 1754) Battle at Fort Necessity (July 3, 1754) Braddock’s Defeat (1755)

The Albany Plan (1754)

The Treaty of Paris (1763)

Pontiac’s War Proclamation of 1763

British Policies/Taxes

Stamp Act Created most anger from colonists; 1st direct tax (collected from everyone) Stamp Act Congress (1765) Sons & Daughters of Liberty= Radical group of colonists opposed to Stamp Act

Declaratory Act (1766) Passed immediately once Stamp Act was repealed Stated Parliament had right to tax & make laws “in all cases whatsoever”

The Townshend Acts (1767-1770) New taxes on colonial imports of tea, glass, & paper Revenue used to pay crown officials in colonies Reactions: Letters from a farmer in PA & Massachusetts Circular Letter, Daughters of Liberty & more boycotts!

Boston Massacre (March, 1770) Disorganized brawl that led to deaths of 5 colonists

Gaspee Affair (1772)

Boston Tea Party (Dec. 1773) Bostonians (members of the Sons of Liberty) dumped 342 chests of tea into Boston Harbor

The “Intolerable Acts”

The Quebec Act

1st Continental Congress Philadelphia, September 1774 No desire for separation from England…yet

Lexington & Concord (April 18th, 1775) “The shot heard around the world”

Bunker Hill June 17th, 1775 Breed’s Hill British & Colonial victory

The Second Continental Congress Philadelphia; May 11th, 1775 De facto government Declaration of the Causes & Necessities for Taking Up-Arms

Olive Branch Petition

Thomas Paine’s Common Sense January 1776 500,000 copies in 6 months $$$ donated to Continental Army

Declaration of Independence (July 4th, 1776) Lee Resolution Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson

The American Revolution 1775-1783 Patriots, Loyalists, Neutrals

The American Revolution

Valley Forge, PA Dec. 1777-June 1778 Military encampment for Continental Army

Battle of Saratoga New York, Oct. 1777 British General Burgoyne vs. Horatio Gates & Benedict Arnold Patriot Victory, Turning Point of the Revolution for colonies

Illinois Campaign (1778-1789) George Rodgers Clark Captured Ohio River Valley for Patriots

Surrender at Yorktown Sept. 1781- Oct. 19th, 1781 Chesapeake Bay

Treaty of Paris (1783) Creation of USA Mississippi River= Western Boundary Americans, fishing rights in Canada Americans, pay debts to British merchants & loyalists

The Constitution & the New Republic 1783-1800

Issues Post-Revolution (after 1783) Very weak government due to the Articles of Confederation= Not a united nation Extremely weak/poor economy Weak trade b/t new states Large debts due to Revolution No foreign nation wanted to do business with USA

The Articles of Confederation Adopted by Congress in 1777, ratified in 1781

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Shays’ Rebellion (1786-1787) Who= Disgruntled Western Massachusetts farmers (many veterans of the Revolution) led by Daniel Shays, a wounded veteran Response to increased taxes in Massachusetts post- Revolution What= Began with shutting down of Western Mass. courts that tried debtors & culminated to an attempt to take an armory in Springfield, mass (1787)

Annapolis Convention Constitutional Convention 1786; Annapolis, Maryland Meeting of delegates from 5 states; Alexander Hamilton & James Madison were key delegates

Constitutional Convention Philadelphia; Summer 1787 Key Issues: Representation, Slavery, Trade

The Presidency Founders/Delegates didn’t trust Congress But…they didn’t trust the “people” either Electoral College Compromise= States allowed to choose electors for Presidential election

Federalists & Antifederalists

The Bill of Rights Written by James Madison Adopted in 1791

Washington’s Presidency April 30th, 1789- March 4, 1797

Hamilton’s Financial Plan

USA & the French Revolution Major issue of Washington’s presidency Proclamation of Neutrality (1793) French Revolution= Civil war within France that led to conflict with other European nations, mainly w/England

Jay Treaty (1794) Chief Justice John Jay Damn John Jay! Damn everyone that won't damn John Jay! Damn every one that won't put lights in his window and sit up all night damning John Jay! Chief Justice John Jay Goal= Stop Britain from seizing & searching American ships & impressing American sailors into British navy Result= Britain agreed to evacuate posts/forts on U.S. western frontier, America had to pay debts owed to Loyalists

Pinckney Treaty (1795) Thomas Pinckney, U.S. minister to Spain 1) Spain opened lower Mississippi river & New Orleans to American trade 2) Florida given to Spain & boundary set at 31st parallel

Domestic Concerns Western Confederacy, Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794) Treaty of Greenville Whiskey Rebellion (1794) Public Land Act (1796)

The Whiskey Rebellion (1791-1794) 1791, Hamilton urged excise taxes on whiskey Western Pennsylvanian farmers refused to pay whiskey tax Washington places 15,000 militiamen under control of Hamilton

Political Parties & Two Party System Began with Federalists & Antifederalists 1790s, Federalist Party vs. Democratic-Republican Party (pg. 116)

Washington’s Farewell Address (1796)

Election of 1796 & John Adams Federalist John Adams vs. Democratic-Republican Thomas Jefferson XYZ Affair Alien & Sedition Acts Kentucky & Virginia Resolutions