Chapter 1 Matter and Change

Objectives The science of chemistry Matter and its Properties Elements

Chemistry is a Physical Science Chemistry: is the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes.

Six Branches of Chemistry 1. Organic: studies carbon molecules created by life. (Petroleum, Plastics(ch2=chcl), biofuels, etc) 2. Inorganic: studies non-organic molecules. (salt, sulfuric acid, water, etc) 3. Physical: The study of the properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy (energy production)

Six Branches cont……. 4. Analytical: the identification of the components and composition of materials. (blood testing, water analysis, pollution, EPA, etc) 5. Biochemistry: the study of substances and processes occurring in living things. (Medical, pharmaceuticals, treatments, allergies, etc) 6. Theoretical: the use of mathematics and computers to understand the principles behind observed chemical behavior and to design and predict the properties of new compounds. (everything above)

3 Types of Research 1. Basic Research: carried out for the sake of increasing knowledge. (NASA) 2. Applied Research: Generally carried out to solve a problem (developing new drugs.. Etc) 3. Technological Development: involves the production and use of products that improve our quality of life. (iPads, iPhones, Droids, etc..)

Bell Ringer : Chapter 1 section 1 Review page 22 #2,3, &4

Matter and Its Properties Atom: smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element. Mass: measure of the amount of matter. Matter: anything that has mass and takes up space. Element: a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom. Compound: substance that can be broken down into simpler stable substances. Made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded.

Properties and Changes in Matter Extensive properties: depend on the amount of matter that is present. (volume, mass, etc) Intensive properties: do not depend on the amount of matter present. (melting point, boiling point, etc) Physical Property: characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance. (melting, boiling, etc) Physical Change: change that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance. (cutting, melting, etc)

Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes Chemical properties is the substance’s ability to change into another substance. Chemical Change ( ) or Reaction is when substances are converted into other substances Reactants: the ‘ingredients’ – wood, oxygen & heat Products: what are formed – ash, CO2 & steam CO2 H2O (Oxygen)

States of matter Solid: definite volume definite shape Liquid: definite volume indefinite shape Gas: neither definite volume nor shape Plasma: high-temperature state where most atoms lose their electrons.

Classification of Matter

Mixtures are made from 2 or more substances that retain their identities. Homogeneous = same throughout Heterogeneous = not uniform Pure Substance has fixed composition and the same characteristic properties throughout. Compound = 2 or more elements chemically bonded together Element = identical atoms throughout.

Section 2 Review Page 14 #1-4

Elements Groups/families: vertical columns Periods: horizontal rows Similar chemical properties Periods: horizontal rows Physical/chemical properties change regularly across. …………. ………. ……………………………………………………………………………. ………

Types of Elements Metals: an element that is a good electrical conductor and heat conductor. Properties: most are solid at room Temperature, malleability, ductile, Tensile strength, luster.

Nonmetals: poor conductors of heat and electricity. Many are gases at room temperature. Bromine is a liquid. Carbon, Phosphorous, selenium, sulfur and iodine are solids. Tend to be brittle.

Metalloids: Has some characteristics of metals and some characteristics of nonmetals. Solid at room temperature, less malleable, semiconductors, some have luster. Which metalloid is Essential for our Computer-driven Technology? What State has a Valley named After it?

Noble Gases: Part of the nonmetals, these elements are gases at room temperature. Generally unreactive with other elements Which noble gas is Close to ‘running out’ In commercial production?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=khymS6V_mn0

classwork Page 20 # 1-5