Lab Practical REview Lab Practical #1 Review Date: Time: Location: 1407 Practical Test Information: If you are in lab section _____, your practical time will be at _____, in lab room 219.

Chapter 4 Fungi & Lichens Pg. 31-36

Kingdom Fungi Important Roles: Decomposers Provide Medicine Food & drink Pathogens

Characteristics Hyphae Cell wall composed of chitin Secrete digestive enzymes into the environment to absorb food and nutrients Hyphae Threadlike filaments that extend into food sources and increase surface area for absorption of nutrients

Characteristics Cont. Reproductive hyphae Fruiting bodies – produce spores for reproduction and dispersal Fruiting bodies/reproductive hyphae (orange) Spores (blue)

Three groups of fungi Zygomycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota Bread molds Unicellular yeast Molds Cup fungi Morels Basidiomycota Mushroom-producing fungi Shelf fungi Puffballs

Reproduction Mitosis & Meiosis Asexual – production of spores via mitosis Sporangia produces haploid spores that are identical to parent Sexual – the fusion of hyphae of two different haploid fungi to form diploid zygosporangia Zygotes undergo meiosis to produce haploid spores.

Zygomycota – asexual (haploid) Asexual reproduction Spores produced in sporangium

Zygomycota – sexual (diploid) Sexual reproduction Hyphae fuse to form zygote Zygote undergoes meiosis to create spores

Ascomycota Ascocarp Produce spores in asci Asci formed in ascocarps

Basidiomycota Reproductive structure is basidia Basidia are produced in basidiocarps

Lichens Symbiotic associations consisting of millions of photosynthetic algae or cyanobacteria and fungi. The fungal hyphae mass provides a place for the microorganisms of the lichen colony to grow. In turn, the microorganisms provide nutrients to the fungus. Are very susceptible to pollutants in rain and air.