DEVELOPMENT OF THE TREATMENT TECHNIQUES IN EUROPE D.PUIATTI Lhoist Group, France Daniel.puiatti@lhoist.com

Synopsis Soil Treatment Pavement Recycling Materials Recycling

European Status of Soil Treatment About 600 in situ treatment units Roads, Motorways, Railways, Airports, harbors… Housing, Commercial & Industrial Platforms. Nb of Units

European situation as of today Continuous development in different fields of application From private to public investments Different processes according to countries and applications Mostly in place treatment, some in plant treatment (capping) Mostly pulverized binders, beginning of slurry binders

Cement or Hydraulic Road Binder (HRB) French Case Earthmoving : 40 to 50 Mm³/year of soils Hydraulically bond soils (3,5 to 6% of cement/HRB ~ 900kt/a): 6 to 8 Mm³/year Lime treated soils (1,5 to 2 % of lime by weight ~ 400kt/a): 15 to 25 Mm³/year Total treated soils : More than 1/3 of soils moved in France Lime + Cement or HRB (Double treatment) Cement or Hydraulic Road Binder (HRB) Lime

The French development process American Pulvimixers Agriculture Spreaders French Mixers & Spreaders Plough Mixers Central plants HRB HighPerformance Mixers Recycling units Reduced Dust Binders Improved American Mixers Technology 1985 1965 1975 1995 Lime treatment Earthworks New Treatment Pavement Codification Embankment Capping Layer Pavement Recycling Applications

If issues are still the same … 1966 2005

… Technology has changed ! (Spreading) 1966 2005

… Technology has changed ! (Mixing) 1966 2005

… The binders have changed Hydraulic Road Binders (HRB) Reduced Dust Binders

Synopsis Soil Treatment Pavement Recycling Materials Recycling

Definition (PIARC) « The in situ Pavement Recycling consist in a modification of an existing old pavement into a homogeneous new pavement able to resist to traffic »

Progressive development in Europe Some countries like : Spain Germany France The Netherlands

Synopsis Soil Treatment Pavement Recycling Materials Recycling

Definition By-Products Construction Activities Modification by treatment

Construction By-Products Management Pressure from European & local regulations since mid 90’s To stop the wild dumping of by-products To reduce the production of by-products To recycle and re-use materials By Developing local recycling networks Getting the commitment of public investors

Since 2002 Recycling process using treatment : Sorting out Crushing Treatment of fine materials with a binder Use by the contractor or put on the market (trench back-fill, embankments, pavements) New recycling technology Mobile units : trenches (~200t/j) Semi-mobile units : (~400 à 600t/j) Central plants : for local needs (> 800t/j)

Mobile units

Semi-mobile unit

Central Plants