Joanna Thamke Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center

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Presentation transcript:

Understanding the relation between Energy and Water in the Williston Basin Joanna Thamke Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center 2018 MT AWRA, West Yellowstone

Williston Basin—multi-Mission Area, multi-Regional, multi-Agency, and multi-Science Center studies Biologists, geochemists, geologists, geophysicists, hydrologists working together on multiple projects. Collaborations with Federal, Provincial, State, Tribal, and Local agencies include field work, workshops, conference calls, and peer reviews of manuscripts. Project information available online: Hydrologists from USGS and Fort Peck Tribes collecting data https://www.usgs.gov/centers/wy-mt-water/science/delineation-brine-contamination-and-near-east-poplar-oil-field-fort-peck?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects https://steppe.cr.usgs.gov/

Working with DOI, State and Local Partners U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Bureau of Land Management Bureau of Reclamation U.S. Environmental Protection Agency North Dakota Department of Health North Dakota State Water Commission Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Montana Department of Environmental Quality South Dakota State Geological Survey Saskatchewan Water Security Agency Manitoba Conservation and Water Stewardship Canadian Geological Survey County Conservation Districts Fort Peck and Fort Berthold Indian reservations

Topical Areas Water Quality Ground, surface, and produced water Water Availability Ground and surface water Ecological Effects Aquatic and terrestrial habitat, toxicity studies Vern Whitten Photography

Water Quality Baseline water-quality Potable aquifers (Groundwater, 2015) Streams Wetlands (Jour Env Man, 2015) Produced water quality Define end member (AAPG Bulletin, 2016) Understand fluid flow in the Bakken (Mtn Geol, 2017) Brine contamination Local-scale plume delineation (USGS SIR 2014-5024) Regional-scale pilot areas (USGS SIR 2014-5017) Vulnerability assessments (SciTotEnv, 2015 and 2013) Brine spills (SciTotEnv, 2017)

Water Quality Groundwater and wetland quality has large TDS, often >1,000 mg/L. Dominant ions are sodium, magnesium, bicarbonate, and sulfate. Produced water quality has even larger TDS, often >30,000 mg/L. Dominant ions are sodium and chloride. Brines from shallower Charles Formation have unique chemistry from Bakken Formation.

Water Quality Using similar tools to identify possible sources of groundwater contamination.

Water Availability Groundwater availability assessment: (USGS SIR 2014-5047, USGS SIR 2014-5055, USGS SIR 2017-5158, USGS PP 1841, USGS FS 2018-3046) Water Balances for Energy Resource Production: (USGS OFR 2015-1117, Water Resources Research, 2015, USGS OFR 2016-1204; USGS FS 2017-3044) Estimating National Water Use Associated with Unconventional Oil and Gas Development: (USGS FS 2016-3032, USGS SIR 2018-5027)

Water Availability

Ecological Effects Brine contamination to wetlands (Jour Fresh Ecol, 2016) Spatial data and web-based tools (SciTotEnv, 2016) Changes in invasive species distributions (Env Monit Assess, 2015) Salt toxicity to wetland plant and invertebrates (Int Jour Coal Geol, 2014) Effects to amphibians (Env. Pollution, 2017)

Ecological Effects Amphibian survival rates decrease in brine-contaminated wetlands Invertebrate species richness decreases in brine-contaminated wetlands Biotic communities change in brine-contaminated wetlands Biological effects vary based on species and timing, but full mortality has been documented in fish of streams that have received brine spills

Future Research Strategy Development of Basin-wide research initiative Collaboration with Bakken Federal Executive Group Development of Status and Trends Report Expand current and develop new topical areas 1. Understanding Scale and Nature of UOG Resources 2. Water Quality 3. Water Availability 4. Air Quality and GHG Emissions 5. Effects on Human Health and Communities 6. Ecosystem Effects 7. Induced seismicity