Ishwari Prasad Ghimire Integrity and Ethics Ethics and Ethical Behaviour Professional Course on Management and Development Ishwari Prasad Ghimire

Session Outline Session Objective: Session Content Demonstrate ethical behavior in personal and professional life Session Content Factors affecting ethical and unethical behavior

Integrity – key factors I = a (A+C+E ) – C Integrity is the alignment of four factors: Accountability Competence Ethics / Ethical Behaviour Corruption

News Headlines साउनमा मात्रै भ्रष्टाचार आरोपमा ३० पक्राउ अख्तियार हिरासत भरिभराउ छात्रवृत्तिका विद्यार्थी पढाउन आलटाल एमबीएसको प्रश्नपत्र म्यासेन्जरबाटै आउट, फोटोकपी गर्दैगर्दा विद्यार्थी पक्राउ जुवा अखडामाथि धावा बोल्दै प्रहरी, धमाधम छापा मारिँदै आर्थिक अनियमितताको दलदलमा फस्यो तामाकोशी गाउँपालिका राष्ट्रिय गौरवको तामाकोसीमा कर्मचारी ‘सेटिङ’ : लागत दोब्बर, आयोजना अनिश्चित

९ महिनामा २०४ सैनिकमाथि कारबाही, दुई जर्नेलमाथि छानविन वडा सदस्यले जब घुस रकम लिन छोरालाई पठाए महिना दिन नपुग्दै बिग्रिए संसदले किनेका करोडौंका गाडी स्याङ्जाका सरकारी कार्यालयमा छड्के, २० कार्यालयका ९६ कर्मचारी अनुपस्थित ठूलैसँग उठवस, ठूलै ठगी: लौ पढ्नुहोस् गुरागाँईको 'ठगीलिला‘ २३ करोड रुपैयाँ लाभग्राहीबाट फिर्ता अर्जुनको सारथी कृष्णको साटो बुद्ध हुन्थे भने अर्जुनलाई दिइने उपदेश कस्तो हुन्थ्यो होला ?

यस्तो अवस्थामा तपाइ के गर्नु हुन्छ ? तपाइले पसलमा रू. ५०० दिएर सामान किन्नुभयो तर पसलेले रू. ५०० मै रकम थपेर तपाइलाइ फिर्ता दियो । रेस्टुरेण्टमा तपाइले परिवारका साथ ४ प्रकारका खाना मगाएर खानुभयो । तर वेटरले बिल ल्याउँदा ३ प्रकारका खानाको मात्र ल्यायो । तपाइको घरबाट एयरपोर्ट सम्मको ट्याक्सी भाडा रू. ६०० छ । धेरैपटक तपाइले यतिनै भाडा तिरेर यात्रा गर्नुभएको छ र यो सरकारले तोकेको दररेट पनि हो । तर यसपटकको यात्रामा तपाइलाइ ट्याक्सीचालकले रू. ४०० मात्र माग्यो । यदि तपाइ कुनै बिमा कम्पनिको अभिकर्ता हुनुहुन्छ र तपाइको साथीले सोही कम्पनिमा रू. २०,००,००० को बिमा गर्न खोजिरहेको छ । तपाइलाइ थाहा छ उक्त साथी गम्भिर रोगको बिरामी हो र केहि समय पछि उसको मृत्यू निश्चित छ तर यो कुरा तपाइले नबताएसम्म कसैलाइ थाहा हुँदैन अनि तपाइको साथी तपाइ मार्फतनै बिमा गराउन चाहान्छ । 12/18/2019

Would you expect? You are in the field on official duty, got free vehicle; claim TA … You got discounted air fare, claim …. Office time 10 – 5, but come late and leave early regularly … You found your supervisor using office vehicle for relatives … Spouse benefitting extra because of your position / status … 12/18/2019

Experience Sharing

Ethical vs Un-ethical Behaviour

Ethical Behaviour Fairness Justice Respect Flexibility Honesty Dignity Trust Confidentiality

Unethical Behaviour Biasness Injustice Contempt Rigidity Dishonesty Informality Disbelieve Unclassified

Ethical vs Un-ethical Behaviour Honesty Accountability Doing a job well Humility (humble, decency, servitude-placing other peoples need before one's own) Integrity Proper conduct and overall morality Reliability Dedication Character Fairness Lying Cheating / Stealing Does not abide by the rules of morality Bribes / Corruption Deliberate deception Violation of conscience Failure to honor commitments Unlawful conduct Disregard of organisation policy Inappropriate /mis-use of resources Sexual harassment and bullying Illegal acts

Consequences of Unethical Behaviour Legal consequences Morale decline and negative image Trust deficit towards public institutions Economic and social cost increases Violation of rule of law Corruption increases WPE suffer most

Key Points A set of moral principles and standards of “right” behavior and conduct. Right or wrong, good or bad in actions that affects others. A group of moral principles or set of values that define or direct us to the right choice. A set of norms to show ideal human behavior in society. More than compliance with rules, regulations etc. Ethics is subjective and contextual Being ethical means maintaining integrity all the time and take risks for a good cause Higher ethical standard and practices are critical in administering work to gain public trust.

Ways to Improve Ethical Behaviour We should ask ourselves the following questions: Will my action or decision be against law? Am I easily accessible to public ? Have I remain away from influences from political philosophy? Am I twisting facts for personal advantages? Am I willing to stand up for and defend what is right? Am I careful to keep promises?

Also, Assess your ethical position Acknowledge that “it starts with me!” Build ethical thinking into daily activities Establish a legend; let it be disseminated Act with responsibly Be willing to pay the price

Factors affecting Ethical behaviour

Factors affecting Ethical behaviour Employee as an Individual Internal/ Organizational External Environment Family Influences Policies, Code of conduct Government regulations Religious / Cultural values Behaviour of leaders, supervisors, peers and subordinates Norms and values of politics – political behaviour Personal standards, and needs Organisational culture Ethical climate of society- social values and norms How does religion affect – example rebirth Ethical Behaviour My Choice

Sources of Ethical Standards The Utilitarian Approach - deals with consequences; it tries both to increase the good done and to reduce the harm done The Rights Approach - ethical action is the one that best protects and respects the moral rights of those affected The Fairness or Justice Approach - all equals should be treated equally The Common Good Approach - interlocking relationships of society are the basis of ethical reasoning and that respect and compassion for all others The Virtue Approach - dispositions and habits that enable us to act according to the highest potential of our character