Neuro-ophthalmological investigations.

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International Journal of Ophthalmology & Eye Science

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Wide-angle images of proliferative diabetic retinopathy

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(A) Magnetic resonance image (MRI) of a 57 year old woman admitted with hepatic encephalopathy. (A) Magnetic resonance image (MRI) of a 57 year old woman.

Axial (A) and sagittal T1 weighted (B) magnetic resonance images showing bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria. Axial (A) and sagittal T1 weighted (B)

REFLEX and REFLEXION study design.

OCT left eye (case 3). OCT showed bilateral foveal atrophy (white arrows), with an island of preserved retina in the left fovea (yellow arrow; only left.

Late fluorescein angiograms of the right macula taken at 13 minutes.

(A) This 54 year old man with the flail arm syndrome has severe wasting of the arms causing profound weakness. (A) This 54 year old man with the flail.

OCT left eye shown (case 7).

(A, B). (A, B). Median motor nerve conduction study. Active recording electrode is over the APB muscle, with stimulation at the wrist, elbow, axilla,

These traces show typical electrophysiological features of a pre-synaptic neuromuscular transmission disorder in a patient with LEMS. The traces on the.

(A) EEG of a 75 year old woman with adult onset myoclonic epilepsy (see text, case 1), showing generalised spike and wave and polyspike and wave discharges.

Pseudoptosis. Pseudoptosis. This man presented with photophobia and difficulty elevating the right side of his forehead. The photograph shows his normal.

Incidentalomas. Incidentalomas. T1W sagittal (A) and T2W coronal (B) MRIs show a small slightly T2 hypointense lesion (B, arrow) in the left anterior pituitary.

(case 6) (A) Fundus photography showing subtle discrete areas of RPE atrophy (green areas). (case 6) (A) Fundus photography showing subtle discrete areas.

‘Poppers’ retinopathy.

Single colour fundus photographs of patients with disc swelling secondary to raised intracranial pressure (papilloedema). Single colour fundus photographs.

Confocal images of skin biopsies taken from the legs of a control subject (A) and a patient with small fibre neuropathy secondary to HIV (B) showing PGP.

Single colour fundus photographs of pseudopapilloedema in patients initially thought to have IIH. (A) Elevated, lumpy disc with anomalous vascular pattern.

Indocyanine green angiography (ICG) and fluorescein angiography (FA) of the right eye (case 8). Indocyanine green angiography (ICG) and fluorescein angiography.

Confocal images of skin biopsies taken from the legs of a control subject (A) and a patient with small fibre neuropathy secondary to HIV (B) showing PGP.

Longitudinal ultrasound image (A) of extensor carpi ulnaris tenosynovitis with prominent areas of anechoic fluid in the tendon sheath (white arrows). Longitudinal.

A, Axial fat-saturated T2WI through the orbits of a patient with right MGDA demonstrates a funnel-shaped morphologic pattern of the optic disc (white arrow)

Autofluorescence left eye (case 3)

Schematic representation of phase cancellation and temporal dispersion in demyelination. Schematic representation of phase cancellation and temporal.

T2 weighted sagittal MRI scans of the cervical spine.

Optical coherence tomography showing thinning of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) 1 month postquinine overdose. OU, oculus uterque (both eyes); OD,

(A) Pupillary responses by age (from Meisami et al)

Receiver operating characteristics curves showing discrimination between patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (at time of diagnosis) and non-demented.

The superior quality of MRI over CT is demonstrated in this figure.

Anatomical illustration of the greater superficial petrosal nerve (GSPN) (black arrowheads). Anatomical illustration of the greater superficial petrosal.

Sample MR images obtained acutely from patients 1 to 6: axial T2 weighted (DWI in case 4) on the left, coronal FLAIR on the right of each panel. Sample.

FIM total score by study visit (ITT population).

MRI scans in rheumatoid arthritis.

Fundus photograph (left) and early-phase fluorescein angiogram (right) of a 37-year-old woman who previously presented with lupus retinal vasculitis and.

Clinical overall score (COS), (A); cold detection thresholds (CDT), (B); warm detection thresholds (WDT), (C); and vibration thresholds (VT), (D) in patients.

Heavily T2-weighted MRI obtained with high resolution, showing multiple enlarged VRS, visible as well-demarcated CSF like structures, which, dependent.

Axial MRI of a 46 year old man with secondary progressive MS showing a large left sided periventricular lesion which is hyperintense with (A) T2 weighted.

(A) Axial FLAIR MRI reveals multiple areas of high signal intensity (arrows) in leptomeninges. (A) Axial FLAIR MRI reveals multiple areas of high signal.

Progression of autonomic symptoms including hypohidrosis (A), faintness (B), syncope (C), constipation (D), urinary dysfunction (E), and respiratory disturbance.

18F-dopa positron emission tomography (PET) in a normal subject, a patient with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), and a patient with multiple system.

Left side: normal short latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPSs) after stimulation of the median nerve (top picture) and posterior tibial nerve.

Examples of the visual rating scale for the medial and lateral temporal lobe on MR coronal images displayed conventionally with the letter on the right.

(A) High intensity lesions in the left dorsolateral midbrain on T2 weighted magnetic resonance imaging in case 1. (A) High intensity lesions in the left.

MRI. MRI. (A1–A2) Patient 6 with simple PNH, (B1–B2) patient 10 with plus PNH. (A1) Sagittal TSE T2 WI shows multiple periventricular nodules (arrows).

Histograms showing periods until an improvement of one Hughes grade from onset. Histograms showing periods until an improvement of one Hughes grade from.

[123I]-FP-CIT (DaTSCAN) images demonstrating: (top left) normal tracer uptake in the putamen and caudate nuclei; then progressively decreasing uptake in.

Typical mean functional strength (where maximum function scores 5, and minimum scores zero; arithmetic mean of several activities plotted) against serum.

(A) Kinematic features of fast and accurate right wrist flexions performed by the patient before (left part) and after alcohol intake (right part). (A)

Box plot representation of total PDSS (Parkinson’s disease sleep scale) scores obtained by patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and controls. Box plot.

Kaplan-Meier table analysis of patients with corticobasal degeneration after onset of symptoms; the y axis refers to proportion of patients who are alive.

(A) Patient with acute PFP on the 4th day showed an abnormal dyphagia limit of 5 ml from paretic left sided swallowing (arrows denote second swallows).

Bilateral opercular polymicrogyria.

Ocular abnormalities. Ocular abnormalities. (A) Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy—note swelling of the optic disc. (B) Acute central retinal artery.

Outcome with respect to seizures as a percentage of patients in different Engel’s classes at different time intervals. Outcome with respect to seizures.

MR thin (0.7 mm) CISS type sequences of the normal cerebello-pontine angles (A) axial and (B) coronal sections showing the cochlear nerve in the internal.

Congenital cortical malformation.

Axial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of a 30 year old man with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) showing multiple periventricular lesions:

Axial 1mm thick gadolinium enhanced T1 weighted image through the geniculate ganglion (white arrow). Axial 1mm thick gadolinium enhanced T1 weighted.

Global retinal oxygen saturation in eyes with progression or non-progression of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) before and after panretinal laser.

Seven weeks after presentation: scattered posterior pole intra-retinal haemorrhages and cotton wool spots; right eye (A) and left eye (B). Seven weeks.

T2 weighted magnetic resonance image (MRI) scan of 28 year old woman with complex partial seizures but no focal neurological deficit. T2 weighted magnetic.

Flow of recruitment: the screening and enrolment process for a 6-week randomised double-blind placebo-controlled feasibility trial in people with multiple.

Case 4: (A) and (B) axial T1 and T2 weighted images showing 4 mm right enophthalmos and abduction. Case 4: (A) and (B) axial T1 and T2 weighted images.

A line drawing showing the measurements made on the ultrasound images in figs 2-5 (A–D, respectively), with arrows indicating the correct caliper position.

ROC curve for the TYM-MCI, ACE-R and MMSE in the separation of patients with aMCI/AD from those with SMC. ACE-R, Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examinations;

Box plot showing the distribution of the TYM-MCI score for patients with SMC and aMCI/AD. aMCI/AD, amnestic mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer’s disease;

Presentation transcript:

Neuro-ophthalmological investigations. Neuro-ophthalmological investigations. (A) Magnetic resonance imaging scan of optic nerve sheath meningioma (arrowed) extending posteriorly through the optic canal to the chiasm. (B) Fluorescein angiogram of diabetic patient showing diabetic retinopathy and laser scars. (C) Normal electroretinogram showing potential detected at the cornea in response to flash of light (courtesy of Dr Graham Holder, Moorfields Eye Hospital). (D) Orbital ultrasound showing retinal haemangioma in posterior pole of globe. C J Lueck et al. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004;75:iv2-iv11 ©2004 by BMJ Publishing Group Ltd