ELEMENTS OF EFFECTIVE PLANNING PROCESS CONTINUED KRISTINE BERNADETTE T. MARTINEZ

D. PROGRAM PROGRAM ARE PRECISE PLANS OF ACTION FOLLOWED IN PROPER SEQUENCE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE OBJECTIVES, POLICIES AND PROCEDURES. PROGRAM, THUS, LEAD TO A CONCRETE COURSE OF INTER- RELATED ACTIONS FOR THE ACCOMPLISHMENT OF A PURPOSE. THUS, A COMPANY MAY HAVE A PROGRAM FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF SCHOOLS, COLLEGES AND HOSPITALS NEAR ABOUT ITS PREMISES ALONG WITH ITS EXPANDING BUSINESS ACTIVITIES.

A PROGRAM MUST HAVE THE FOLLOWING FEATURES: IT MUST BE CLOSELY INTEGRATED WITH THE OBJECTIVES. IT INVOLVES DIVIDING INTO STEPS THE ACTIVITIES NECESSARY TO ACHIEVE THE OBJECTIVES. SHORT-TERM PROGRAMS MAY BE PREPARED FOR SPECIFIC PROJECTS, WHILE LONG-TERM PROGRAMS MAY BE FOR A FIVE YEAR PERIOD SUBJECT TO ANNUAL AUDIT.

E. PROCEDURE THE MANNER IN WHICH EACH WORK HAS TO BE DONE IS INDICATED BY THE PROCEDURES LAID DOWN. PROCEDURES OUTLINE A SERIES OF TASKS FOR A SPECIFIED COURSE OF ACTION.

FEATURES OF A GOOD PROCEDURE: IT ANALYSES AND STUDY THE WORK BEING DESCRIBED. IT RESULTS IN JOB SIMPLIFICATION. IT ELIMINATES OVERLAPPING AND DUPLICATION. IT ENSURES HIGH LEVEL OF UNIFORM PERFORMANCE WHEN PROPERLY ESTABLISHED. IT ASSURES THE PRODUCTION OF QUALITY PRODUCTS.

FEATURES OF A GOOD PROCEDURE: IT PROVIDES A STANDARD SYSTEM OF APPRAISAL ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE. IT REDUCES THE BURDEN OF DECISION MAKING AS STANDARDS ARE ALL SET. IT LESSENS THE TIME OF MANAGERS IN TRAINING AND JOB COACHING.

FEATURES OF A GOOD PROCEDURE: IT ENSURES CLOSE COORDINATION AND DEVELOPS WORK EFFICIENCY. WORKS ARE CARRIED OUT UNIFORMLY IN ALL LEVELS OF OPERATING DEPARTMENT.

F. BUDGETS BUDGET MEANS AN ESTIMATE OF MEN, MONEY, MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT IN NUMERICAL TERMS REQUIRED FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF PLANS AND PROGRAMS. THUS, PLANNING AND BUDGETING ARE INTER-LINKED. BUDGET INDICATES THE SIZE OF THE PROGRAM AND INVOLVES INCOME AND OUTGO, INPUT AND OUTPUT. IT ALSO SERVES AS A VERY IMPORTANT CONTROL DEVICE BY MEASURING THE PERFORMANCE IN RELATION TO THE SET GOALS.