CHAPTER 1 General Chemistry 1 MATTER AND ITS PROPERTIES

OBJECTIVES  recognize that substances are made up of smaller particles  describe and/or make a representation of the arrangement, relative spacing, and relative motion of the particles in each of the three phases of matter

Which of the following is not matter?

WHAT IS MATTER? Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. The basic building blocks of all matter are atoms.

ATOMS An atom is the smallest particle into which an element can be divided and still be the same substance. It is made up of protons (+), electrons (-), and neutrons.

A particle made of two or more atoms bonded together forms a molecule. For example, two Hydrogen atoms join with one oxygen atom to form a water molecule. MOLECULES

IONS An atom or molecule that has a net electrical charge. When missing an electron or two, it will be positively charged, called cation. When, there is an extra electron or two, it will be negatively charged, called anion.

STATES OF MATTER  Based upon particle arrangement  Based upon energy of particles  Based upon distance between particles

SOLID LIQUID GAS

STATES OF MATTER SOLIDS Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position. Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume. Have very little energy Heat

STATES OF MATTER LIQUID  Particles of liquids are loosely packed and slide over one another.  Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume.  Have medium energy levels. Heat

STATES OF MATTER GAS  Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely.  Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.  Have lots of energy Heat

BUT WHAT HAPPENS IF YOU RAISE THE TEMPERATURE TO SUPER-HIGH LEVELS… BETWEEN 1000°C AND 1,000,000,000°C ? Will everything just be a gas?

PLASMA Plasma is an ionized gas. Have extremely high energy levels  A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields. Lightning is a plasma.

ENERGY DETERMINES THE STATE!

PHASE CHANGES OF MATTER

GROUP ACTIVITY Tracing the History of matter and recognizing the important people which had great contribution on the evolutionary concept of matter.