Oil spills - Experience from incidents and the need for improved coastal predictions Hilde Dolva Senior Adviser

NCA’s main tasks Authority under the Ministry for Fisheries and Coastal Affairs. Main tasks: •Piloting and Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) •Navigational Aids •Construct, improve and maintain shipping lanes and fishing harbours, transport-planning activities •Acute pollution – at sea and onshore –Manage governmental oil spill response – primarily spills from vessels –Co-ordinate the national contingency –Regulatory authority for industry and municipal oil spill response operations

Norwegian Coastal Administration, Department for Emergency Response Norway in a nutshell •Geographical features: –North - South: 1752 km –Coastline: km –Climatic variations form arctic in the north to coastal in the south. –EEZ approx 2 mill. km 2 •Petroleum industry: –Production 3 mill. bbl./day –90 % is exported, 3rd largest exporting country –Exploration and production starting in the Barents Sea. •Large shipping industry –And Increasing traffic off the Norwegian coast

Some incidents in Norway…. Green Ålesund 2000 John R 2000 Rocknes 2004 Server 2007 Crete Cement 2008 Full City 2009 Godafoss 2011

Norwegian Coastal Administration, Department for Emergency Response …not only oil

National principles – counter pollution •Focus on preventive measures and risk reduction –Risk based – not “worst case” •Coordination –Private – Municipal - Governmental •Response –As close to the source of the spill as possible to reduce further pollution and achieve the best net damage reduction –Use of both mechanical measures and chemical dispersants •Continuous surveillance of response operations

Pollution incidents- focus on: •Type of pollution •Sensitive areas affected/might be affected •Oil drift and spreading

Oil Spill Equipment Depots HortenKristiansand Stavanger Bergen FedjeSolund FlorøÅlesund ØrlandSandnessjøen BodøLødingen TromsøHammerfest Vadsø Svalbard NCA Main Depot StavangerTræna Mongstad Hammerfest Kristiansund NOFO Depot Major private depot Hydro Sture Statoil Mongstad Esso Slagen Norge Svalbard Oslo Trondheim Tromsø Stavanger NCA supplementary depots Kragerø Eigersund SortlandBømlo SkjervøyKristiansund HonningsvågRørvik Båtsfjord Offloading equip. for cargo oil Stavanger Ålesund Hammerfest Bergen

Norwegian Coastal Administration, Department for Emergency Response

Sensitive areas

Info needed •Wind •Waves •Currents •Drift •Ice •Tides

When incidents happens •Need data (weather forecast, oildrift) quickly, information needed to operational use (e.g.where to send oil recovery equipment) •Information integrated in maps used •The information - used in the planning for the next step

Where is the oil…

Predictions oildrift Godafoss Local knowledge

Foto: Svein Dahlgren regiongeolog

Beach cleaning - time consuming - expensive Can it be avoided?

Godafoss incident, 17 February 2011 Norwegian Coastal Administration, Department for Emergency Response - public information

Full City – registrert og modellert strandpåslag

Oil in ice, estimated 1.2 l oil pr 1000 m 2

Ice Information must be: - detailed (grid) - updated

Oil weathering

Incident Godafoss 2011 Estimated oil spill112 m3 Norwegian Coastal Administration, Department for Emergency Response

Oil recovery budget– Full City Total on board "Full City"1154 m3 m3 From open sea 28 m3 m3 From beaches 74 m3 m3 Emergency pumping from ship 860 m3 m3 Left in nature 191 m3 m3 Tømt Götavärket ? Tømt Langesund In total 2930 tons is collected (963 tons of oil)

Norwegian Coastal Administration, Department for Emergency Response Oil polluted areas - Full City

Oil samples •Sampling: –Thin oil –Thick oil –Oil on beaches –Birds •Oil identification What is the source/ securing evidence

Analyser •Statistiske data på de samme parametere, spesielt strøm og vind •Drivbaner –Bedre oppløsning –Kystnært

Sampling Spills from: vessels, illegal oil discharge, satellite observations The oils have different fingerprints Extent of damage Figurer: SINTEF

Chemical dispersion - using vessel, helicopter and/or air plane

Chemical dispersion •Must reduce overall environmental impact •Protect seabirds and shoreline •Can harm marin organisms •If used- e.g. Deep Water Horizon – remaining oil? Stril Poseidon, Draugen 2006

New technology •Drift buoys – improved oil drift models •Operation in the darkness - oil recovery •Low temperatur/ice are limiting factors

Challenges •Weather and current forecasting - linked to oil recovery possibilities •Near coast predictions – more accuracy •Currents •Ice •Transfer oil drift predictions (wms) to maps •NCA needs: –oil drift predictions during incidents –historical data for contingency planning Norwegian Coastal Administration, Department for Emergency Response

Thank you for your attention! “working to keep our coast and waters among the safest and purest in the world”