Søren Poulsen, Ørsted·DTU, Automation Technical University of Denmark NORPIE Integrating switch mode audio power amplifiers and electro dynamic loudspeakers for a higher power efficiency Søren Poulsen Ph.D. Student Ørsted·DTU Technical University of Denmark Michael A. E. Andersen Professor Ørsted·DTU Technical University of Denmark
Søren Poulsen, Ørsted·DTU, Automation Technical University of Denmark NORPIE Integrating switch mode audio amplifier and loudspeaker •Using the voice coil inductance as output filter
Søren Poulsen, Ørsted·DTU, Automation Technical University of Denmark NORPIE Loudspeaker impedance •Maximum phase shift ~ 65° –Reral part caused by eddy current losses in the magnetic system •Resonances at high frequencies –Voice coil inductance –Voice coil capacitance
Søren Poulsen, Ørsted·DTU, Automation Technical University of Denmark NORPIE PWM modulation shemes 2-level modulation 3-level modulation
Søren Poulsen, Ørsted·DTU, Automation Technical University of Denmark NORPIE PWM HF output spectra 2-level modulation 3-level modulation M=0.01 M=1
Søren Poulsen, Ørsted·DTU, Automation Technical University of Denmark NORPIE Pushing up voice coil resonance frequency •Minimizing L·C –L N 2 –C 1/number of layers •Fewer turns •More winding layers
Søren Poulsen, Ørsted·DTU, Automation Technical University of Denmark NORPIE Pushing up ressonance frequency •Layer to layer capacity
Søren Poulsen, Ørsted·DTU, Automation Technical University of Denmark NORPIE Voice coil fill factor
Søren Poulsen, Ørsted·DTU, Automation Technical University of Denmark NORPIE Efficiency improvement with low impedance voice coils •Efficiency constant for same fill-factor •Higher fill factor benefits efficiency
Søren Poulsen, Ørsted·DTU, Automation Technical University of Denmark NORPIE Power stage losses, 2-level modulation •Output stage losses •Using same DIE area and voice coil fill factor for different supply voltages •Ripple current included Single ended and full bridge output stage 5V, 10V, 20V, 40V supply
Søren Poulsen, Ørsted·DTU, Automation Technical University of Denmark NORPIE Improving the magnetic system •Modifying magnetic system with other materials near the voice coil •Ferrite –Exellent HF properties –Bmax 0,5T •Powder iron –Exellent HF properties –Bmax 1-1,4T
Søren Poulsen, Ørsted·DTU, Automation Technical University of Denmark NORPIE Prototype magnetic system, FEM simulation -26 iron powder material used
Søren Poulsen, Ørsted·DTU, Automation Technical University of Denmark NORPIE Standard magnetic system Blue: Above gap Green: In gap Red: Below gap
Søren Poulsen, Ørsted·DTU, Automation Technical University of Denmark NORPIE Prototype magnetic system Blue: Above gap Green: In gap Red: Below gap
Søren Poulsen, Ørsted·DTU, Automation Technical University of Denmark NORPIE Standard and prototype magnetic system Blue: Prototype system Green: Std. system
Søren Poulsen, Ørsted·DTU, Automation Technical University of Denmark NORPIE Magnetic system power loss, 2-level modulation Blue: M=0Green: M=0.25Red: M=0.5 Magenta: M=0.75Orange: M=1
Søren Poulsen, Ørsted·DTU, Automation Technical University of Denmark NORPIE Magnetic system power loss, 3-level modulation Green: M=0.25Red: M=0.5 Magenta: M=0.75Orange: M=1
Søren Poulsen, Ørsted·DTU, Automation Technical University of Denmark NORPIE Audio quality •Listening tests carried out –Dual blind test •No prove of sound degradation
Søren Poulsen, Ørsted·DTU, Automation Technical University of Denmark NORPIE Conclusion •Using the voice coil inductance as output filter for the amplifier possible •Eddy current losses in the magnetic system can be reduced significantly •Higher voice coil fill factor possible •Dedication favours low impedance interface •Significant improvement of power efficiency