March 26 th 2013 University of Twente Energy conversion technologies: challenges for the future Rodolfo Taccani Energy System Laboratory Mechanical Engineering Department University of Trieste - Italy -

University of Twente – Taccani Topics 2 Overview on power generation (with some figures on energy demand and power conversion effficiency). Overview on distributed microcogeneration. Possible integration with renewable energy resources.

University of Twente – Taccani World Electricity and Energy demand Energy Information Administration. International Energy Outlook 2010

University of Twente – Taccani Where does electricity come from?

University of Twente – Taccani Where does electricity come from? Energy Information Administration. International Energy Outlook 2010

University of Twente – Taccani Electricity production 6 Sesto Energia per il domani. R. Taccani... Heat

University of Twente – Taccani Electricity production 7 … from heat to steam

University of Twente – Taccani Electricity production 8 … from steam to electricity

University of Twente – Taccani Electricity production 9 Sesto Energia per il domani. R. Taccani... Same principle for nuclear as well!

University of Twente – Taccani Energy consumptions 10

University of Twente – Taccani Power Plant Technologies HEAT

University of Twente – Taccani Electricity costs 12 S. Kaplan, CRS Report for Congress, 2008

University of Twente – Taccani Energy resources [Richard Perez 2009]

PV: Electricity Solar thermal: Hot water Solar cooling (Electricity) Solar thermal and/or PV?

University of Twente – Taccani Heat demand 15

ICAM Taccani 16 Lithium Batteries

Batteries cost trend ICAM Taccani 17 $/kWh cost trend in Japan. Small rechargeable cells

University of Twente – Taccani Difference between cogeneration and separate production of heat and electricity Fuel 100 Fuel 144 Primary Energy Saving = 30% Cogeneration systemConventional production Efficiency = 80% Efficiency = 56%

Sesto Energia per il domani. R. Taccani DOMESTIC CO/TRIGENERATION Fuel cell or other cogeneration / trigeneration system

University of Twente – Taccani Conclusions …oil is not all we need Renewable energy sources seem to be aboundant, but improvement to lower energy consumption can be obtained using better what we have today Distributed microcogeneration and solar thermal seem to have a promising potential (ST 1/6 total demand by 2050) … information as important as energy sources

University of Twente – Taccani Solar energy for heating, cooling and electricity - Prospects 21 ORC cogenerator operating at low temperature ( °c) Electrical energy Thermal energy from other sources (biomass boiler, other cogeneration system (Fuel cells)…) Adsorption Cycle for cooling Solar collector Thermal energy Thermal energy for heating Cooling

University of Twente – Taccani THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION !

University of Twente – Taccani Back up

University of Twente – Taccani Back up REFERENCES (selection) 24 Periodicals – Fuel cell Bulletin, Elsevier Science – Fuel Cell Technology News, BCC – Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Elsevier – J. of Power Sources, Elsevier – J. of Energy Resources Technology, Elsevier – … WEB – Fuel Cell 2000 – – CA FC Partnership – DOE – HyWeb Codes and standards – American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z21.83

University of Twente – Taccani Back up ORC Electrical PowerTechnology P e < 1 MWICE, µGT, ORC, FC 1 MW < P e < 10 MWICE, GT, ST P e > 10 MWGT, ST, CCC