TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group SIMULATION OF PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT IN SHOPPING STREET SEGMENTS Aloys Borgers, Inger Smeets, Astrid Kemperman, Harry Timmermans Urban Planning Group Eindhoven University of Technology The Netherlands

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group Models of pedestrian behavior Regression Analysis Space Syntax From entry to shop …. to shop …. to exit Microscopic models (Cellular Automata, Multi-Agent Systems, ….) Etc…

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group Space Syntax models

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group From origin to destination (Borgers & Timmermans, ‘80s) Exit Start 3 1 2

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group From link to link (Borgers & Timmermans, ‘00s)

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group Microscopic

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group Purpose : Modeling pedestrian behavior in shopping street segments shops

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group Shopping street segment Entry Exit shops Entry Exit

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group Network

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group Shopping street segment + network shops Entry Exit Entry Exit

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group Representing routes shops

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group Modeling pedestrian behavior Main principle: from current link to adjacent link

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group Main attraction of exits Entry

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group Secondary attraction of exits

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group Main attraction of shops

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group Secondary attraction of shops

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group Attraction of zones

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group Walking on the right side

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group Stop in shop X

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group Modeling choice of link P ℓ = exp(V ℓ ) / ∑ ℓ ’ exp(V ℓ ’ ) P ℓ probability link ℓ will be chosen from all adjacent links V ℓ utility of link ℓ V ℓ = ∑ k X ℓk

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group X-variables Type of link: In transfer zone In center zone walk on right-hand side

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group X-variables Attraction of exits (primary and secondary) Attraction of shops (primary and secondary) fashion shoes department stores fast food / drinks books electronics

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group X-variables Stop in shop: branch specific constants branch specific floor space

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group Data collection One week workshop in July 2004 Antwerp’s main shopping street Students Observed physical characteristics Counted pedestrians Tracked pedestrians

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group De Meir: Antwerp’s Main shopping street

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group De Meir: Antwerp’s Main shopping street Segment BSegment A

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group Segment A Clothing Shoes Fast Food

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group Segment B Clothing Shoes Dept Store Books Electronics

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group Tracking pedestrians

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group Estimation of parameters Number of tracked pedestrians: Segment A:157 Segment B: 176 Estimation: Limdep Rho-square: 0.73

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group Attraction of exits: segment A

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group Attraction of exits: segment B

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group Attraction of zones

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group Attraction of walking on the right side

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group Attraction of shops primarysecondary Clothing ++- Shoes ++- Dept Store +- Fast Food Books + Electronics ++

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group Stop in shops constantfloor space Clothing ++ Shoes + Dept Store + Fast Food Books + Electronics +

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group Simulation Start from observed starting position 50 times per route Mean absolute difference per link per simulation: Segment A3.20 Segment B4.06 Mean route length: Observed Simulated Segment A110 m 105 m Segment B90 m79 m

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group Segment A Observed Simulated

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group Segment B Observed Simulated

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group Conclusions & Recommendations Link to link approach Model performs pretty good Extend model Use complete shopping trips Include effect of having visited a shop on same type of shops Replicate Other street segments Other shopping areas Other conditions