© DET JURIDISKE FAKULTET UNIVERSITETET I OSLO Sjøsikkerhetsseminaret Lysebu, 29 January 2008 Alla Pozdnakova Post. doc. NIFS Russian shipping safety regulation: a Comparative Study
© DET JURIDISKE FAKULTET UNIVERSITETET I OSLO Background and objectives Intensified vessel traffic from Russia along the Norwegian coastline transport of oil and other cargoes Entering or approaching Russian waters by Norwegian shipping companies »Stockmann; Northern Sea Route »Russian regulation may apply
© DET JURIDISKE FAKULTET UNIVERSITETET I OSLO Two pillars of the research I What is shipping safety regulation in Russia? II Lege ferenda discussion
© DET JURIDISKE FAKULTET UNIVERSITETET I OSLO Hierarchy of legal acts in Russia 1 Constitution and constitutional laws 2 Federal laws Exclusive competence in sea transport 3 International conventions form an ”integral part” of the legal system Adopted by a federal law prevail over domestic laws in case of contradiction
© DET JURIDISKE FAKULTET UNIVERSITETET I OSLO 4 Sub-ordinate legal acts 5 Regional legal acts Share competence with federal legislator in environmental regulation 6 Customary law 7 Case law? Decrees of higher (Supreme) Courts on different questions of law
© DET JURIDISKE FAKULTET UNIVERSITETET I OSLO Shipping safety regulation in Russia* Laws Merchant Shipping Code Environmental Protection Law Law on Sea Ports Laws concerning nuclear safety Basic substantive and institutional/supervisory framework Implemented by a range of sub-ordinate legal acts and technical documents * Related but not so central laws omitted
© DET JURIDISKE FAKULTET UNIVERSITETET I OSLO Sub-ordinate (implementing) legal acts Governmental decrees »I.e., on use of global navigational system »On measures to prevent and liquidate oil spills Technical rules and standards Issued by state institutions »Ministry of Transport »Subordinate entities »I.e., Rules concerning safe transport of various cargoes, navigation rules for ships
© DET JURIDISKE FAKULTET UNIVERSITETET I OSLO Supervision and control State institutions and organizations with delegated powers Federal Commission on the Supervision in the Field of Transport Maritime port administrations Other (agencies and services) Russian Register of Shipping Shipping company (shipowner and employees – notably, Master)
© DET JURIDISKE FAKULTET UNIVERSITETET I OSLO 2 nd pillar – lege ferenda Should regulation be changed and how? Comparative study Pragmatic approach
© DET JURIDISKE FAKULTET UNIVERSITETET I OSLO Scope of the research and delimitation By parameters of shipping safety? Limit to oil transport? Vessels falling outside international conventions? Security regulation and anti-terror measures?
© DET JURIDISKE FAKULTET UNIVERSITETET I OSLO In conclusion Available sources and use of sources Other problematic aspects of the research?