Taste and olfaction Dr. Altdorfer Károly

Taste and smell - associated with memory and emotion Taste and smell can influence gastrointestinal secretion

Umami from the Japanese umami ( うま み ) meaning "pleasant savory taste” - Glutamate - Taste in food selection: sweet - nutritious food. bitter – avoided Taste

Secondary sensory epithelium

Parietal operculum collaterals to - hypothalamus and - CN secretomotor nuclei

Olfaction

Primary sensory epithelium

Rhinencephalon stria olfactoria medialis, et lateralis

Lateral olfactory stria through limen insulae: 1) Prepiriform area (Br 51; primary olfactory cortex): Ambient gyrus, semilunar gyrus, corticomedial nuclear group of amygdala 2) Axons of these neurons go entorhinal area (Br 28) - also olfactory cortex. 1) and 2) together: Piriform cortex Medial olfactory stria  septal nuclei (subcallosal, paraterminal gyri)  anterior commissure  limbic system (input!) Aura of temporal (psychomotor) epilepsy often starts with feeling of not existing smells (hallucination).

Odors can cause visceral reflexes: - smell of favourite food  salivation - disgusting smell  nausea, vomiting. Connections via medial forebrain bundle (MFB): olfacto-hypothalamo-tegmental association (to autonomic nuclei) Odors can recall memories (orbitofrontal cortex) Odors can influence mood, behaviour (via limbic system)