Simulation of traffic line and natural surveillance Team BIM Japan

What is natural surveillance ? Natural surveillance means to secure urban areas against criminal offenders under observation by building occupants and passersby in natural way. Jacobs (1961) first referred to the effectiveness of natural surveillance. Crowe (1991) classified surveillance as three types; natural, organized, and mechanical. Natural surveillance is considered most important. Surveillance Classification （Crowe, 1991） Mechanical Organized Natural References Jacobs, J. (1961） The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Random House. Crowe, T.D. (1991） Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design: Applications of Architectural Design and Space Management Concepts. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann.

How to simulate natural surveillance ? Referring to Koike et al. (2008), we “Team BIM Japan” assumed that “level of natural surveillance (t)” can be defined as the amount of agents’ eye fixation at that time. Agents: agents of persons who exist within the allocated site (Area 6); such as public space users, residents, etc. We simulated traffic lines of agents with “building EXODUS” including traffic schedule of agents, and natural surveillance with “3ds MAX”. Agents’ eye fixation can be modeled as lightness in the space by using unidirectional lighting model in “3ds MAX”. Elements of agents Traffic schedule Time Start point End point Eye fixation Range Sight Natural Surveillance Eye fixation can be modeled by using unidirectional lighting model in “3ds MAX” Simulation “level of natural surveillance (t)” can be defined as the amount of agents’ eye fixation at that time. References Koike et al. (2008) Development of the Models Showing the Extent of Natural Surveillance by Using Light Projecting Method, AIJ J. Technol. Des., Vol. 14, No. 27, 311-314, Jun., 2008.

Conversion program (original) Data flow Revit Architecture DXF Elements of agents (Traffic schedule) building EXODUS XML Traffic line Conversion program (original) IFC Traffic line Revit Architecture DWG Traffic line Elements of agents (Eye fixation) 3ds Max Natural surveillance

Result: traffic line

Result: natural surveillance 6-12 (24h)

Security Planning through Simulation Team BIM Japan

Security Planning Find crowded areas, and control traffic lines Add CCTV at crowded areas Find areas where natural surveillance is not enough, and add surveillance Add mechanical surveillance (CCTV)

Security planning: traffic line Add mechanical surveillance here

Security planning: natural surveillance Add mechanical surveillance here 6-12 (24h)