Welcome to Weather-Related Decision- Making for General Aviation Pilots Flight 3 – Lemmon, South Dakota TO Aberdeen, South Dakota 1Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D. STOP You MUST view this program using the SLIDE SHOW feature of PowerPoint. If you dont use the SLIDE SHOW then the slides will not appear in the correct sequence, and youll just get a big mess. Start the SLIDE SHOW now by clicking on the VIEW tab on the menu bar, and then selecting Slide Show. You must also have internet access in order for the videos to be downloaded

Complete a Flight - Instructions Now lets put things together in a series of flights in which you need to be aware of changing weather conditions, and you need to consider all the factors related to an in-flight diversion. Each flight has been divided into a series of segments. At the end of each segment you will see a video clip of the weather conditions that you are currently experiencing. At the end of the video clip you will be asked whether you would like to continue the flight or divert to an alternate destination. If you decide to divert, a number of options will appear, and you will be asked to select an option and choose a new destination. Throughout the flight, you will have access to the material that is normally available during a cross-country flight under visual flight rules. You can access this material by clicking on the list. Before you begin the flight you have the opportunity to spend as much time as you like examining this material. Because of computer limitations, the Aeronautical Chart for each flight is not very detailed. If you wish to see a more detailed map, click on the Map Link and you will be taken to a web site in which you can zoom and scan in to see a very detailed view of the route. Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D. 2

Review Flight Details Flight 3 Lemmon (SD) via Mobridge (SD) to Aberdeen (SD) Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.3 Aeronautical ChartAeronautical Chart [Map Link][Map Link] Airports Lemmon Mobridge Aberdeen McLaughlin Eureka Hoven Area Forecast Meteorological Reports Weather Charts Radar Summary Surface Weather Terminal Area Forecast Flight Plan TAKEOFF

Flight 3 Lemmon (SD) via Mobridge (SD) to Aberdeen (SD) Review flight details Aeronautical Chart [Map Link] Aeronautical Chart[Map Link] Airports – Lemmon Lemmon – Mobridge Mobridge – Aberdeen Aberdeen – McLaughlin McLaughlin – Eureka Eureka – Hoven Hoven Area Forecast Meteorological Reports Weather Charts – Radar Summary Radar Summary – Surface Weather Surface Weather Terminal Area Forecast Flight Plan Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.4 Make a decision Divert Continue You are currently: 20 nm SE of Lemmon

Flight 3 Lemmon (SD) via Mobridge (SD) to Aberdeen (SD) Review flight details Aeronautical Chart [Map Link] Aeronautical Chart[Map Link] Airports – Lemmon Lemmon – Mobridge Mobridge – Aberdeen Aberdeen – McLaughlin McLaughlin – Eureka Eureka – Hoven Hoven Area Forecast Meteorological Reports Weather Charts – Radar Summary Radar Summary – Surface Weather Surface Weather Terminal Area Forecast Flight Plan Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.5 Make a decision Divert Continue You are currently: 40 nm SE of Lemmon

Flight 3 Lemmon (SD) via Mobridge (SD) to Aberdeen (SD) Review flight details Aeronautical Chart [Map Link] Aeronautical Chart[Map Link] Airports – Lemmon Lemmon – Mobridge Mobridge – Aberdeen Aberdeen – McLaughlin McLaughlin – Eureka Eureka – Hoven Hoven Area Forecast Meteorological Reports Weather Charts – Radar Summary Radar Summary – Surface Weather Surface Weather Terminal Area Forecast Flight Plan Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.6 Make a decision Divert Continue You are currently: 60 nm SE of Lemmon

Flight 3 Lemmon (SD) via Mobridge (SD) to Aberdeen (SD) Review flight details Aeronautical Chart [Map Link] Aeronautical Chart[Map Link] Airports – Lemmon Lemmon – Mobridge Mobridge – Aberdeen Aberdeen – McLaughlin McLaughlin – Eureka Eureka – Hoven Hoven Area Forecast Meteorological Reports Weather Charts – Radar Summary Radar Summary – Surface Weather Surface Weather Terminal Area Forecast Flight Plan Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.7 Make a decision Divert Continue You are currently: 20 nm E of Mobridge

Flight 3 Lemmon (SD) via Mobridge (SD) to Aberdeen (SD) Review flight details Aeronautical Chart [Map Link] Aeronautical Chart[Map Link] Airports – Lemmon Lemmon – Mobridge Mobridge – Aberdeen Aberdeen – McLaughlin McLaughlin – Eureka Eureka – Hoven Hoven Area Forecast Meteorological Reports Weather Charts – Radar Summary Radar Summary – Surface Weather Surface Weather Terminal Area Forecast Flight Plan Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.8 Make a decision Divert Continue You are currently: 40 nm E of Mobridge

Flight 3 Lemmon (SD) via Mobridge (SD) to Aberdeen (SD) Review flight details Aeronautical Chart [Map Link] Aeronautical Chart[Map Link] Airports – Lemmon Lemmon – Mobridge Mobridge – Aberdeen Aberdeen – McLaughlin McLaughlin – Eureka Eureka – Hoven Hoven Area Forecast Meteorological Reports Weather Charts – Radar Summary Radar Summary – Surface Weather Surface Weather Terminal Area Forecast Flight Plan Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.9 Make a decision Divert Continue You are currently: 60 nm E of Mobridge

Congratulations, you have landed safety at your destination Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.10 Continue

Flight 3 Aeronautical Chart Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.11 RETURN

Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.12 Lemmon RETURN

Mobridge Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.13 RETURN

Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.14 Aberdeen RETURN

Eureka Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.15 RETURN

McLaughlin Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.16 RETURN

Hoven Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.17 RETURN

Flight 1 – Weather Forecast Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.18 RETURN

Flight 3 – Meteorological Reports Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.19 RETURN

Flight 3 – Weather Charts – Radar Summary Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.20 RETURN

Flight 3 – Weather Charts – Surface Weather Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.21 RETURN

Flight 3 - TAF Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.22 RETURN

Flight 3 – Flight Plan Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.23 RETURN

Lemmon to Aberdeen : Divert 1 IndicatorDeteriorationNo ChangeImprovement Cloud-base Visibility Cloud Coloring Cloud Density Terrain Clearance Rain Showers Cloud Type Horizon Lemmon McLaug hlin MobridgeEurekaHoven Aberdee n Distance Very Good Very good Expected Weather Good Facilities Very GoodPoor En-route Terrain Very Good Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.24 Expected weather conditions are anticipated on the basis of both the forecast and the prevailing conditions experienced during the flight. Diversion Alternatives At this stage of the flight it is useful to compare the conditions to those that were reported in the meteorological report. Since there has been no significant change in any of the indicators recorded in the meteorological report, the decision to divert is not necessarily warranted at this stage of the flight. Nevertheless, should you feel uncomfortable in the conditions, you should consider your options and perhaps divert to an alternate airport until the conditions improve. Go back to where you diverted. Continue Weather Conditions at Diversion Point (Compared to Previous Stage)

Lemmon to Aberdeen : Divert 2 IndicatorDeteriorationNo ChangeImprovement Cloud-base Visibility Cloud Coloring Cloud Density Terrain Clearance Rain Showers Cloud Type Horizon Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.25 Expected weather conditions are anticipated on the basis of both the forecast and the prevailing conditions experienced during the flight. Diversion Alternatives There appears to have been a change in the cloud type at this stage of the flight. In addition, it appears as though the clouds have darkened. However, since there are no changes in the remaining indicators, the decision to divert might be considered premature. Nevertheless, should you feel uncomfortable in the conditions, you should consider your options and perhaps divert to an alternate airport until the conditions improve. LemmonMcLaughlinMobridgeEurekaHoven DistanceVery GoodVery good Expected Weather Good Facilities Very Good Poor En-route Terrain Very Good Weather Conditions at Diversion Point (Compared to Previous Stage) Continue Go back to where you diverted.

Lemmon to Aberdeen : Divert 3 IndicatorDeteriorationNo ChangeImprovement Cloud-base Visibility Cloud Coloring Cloud Density Terrain Clearance Rain Showers Cloud Type Horizon Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.26 Expected weather conditions are anticipated on the basis of both the forecast and the prevailing conditions experienced during the flight. Diversion Alternatives Rather than a deterioration in the conditions, three of the indicators have improved, including the visibility and the cloud density. It also appears that the cloud is lightening. As a consequence, a diversion does not appear to be warranted at this stage of the flight. Nevertheless, should you feel uncomfortable in the conditions, you should consider your options and perhaps divert to an alternate airport until the conditions improve. Go back to where you diverted. Continue LemmonMcLaughlinMobridgeEurekaHoven DistanceGoodVery good Expected Weather Good Facilities Very Good Poor En-route Terrain Very Good Weather Conditions at Diversion Point (Compared to Previous Stage)

Lemmon to Aberdeen : Divert 4 IndicatorDeteriorationNo ChangeImprovement Cloud-base Visibility Cloud Coloring Cloud Density Terrain Clearance Rain Showers Cloud Type Horizon Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.27 Expected weather conditions are anticipated on the basis of both the forecast and the prevailing conditions experienced during the flight. Diversion Alternatives Having passed Mobridge, the weather conditions have improved markedly with the majority of indicators reflecting this improvement. Therefore, the decision to divert is not necessary at this stage of the flight. Nevertheless, should you feel uncomfortable in the conditions, you should consider your options and perhaps divert to an alternate airport until you feel more comfortable with the conditions. Go back to where you diverted. Continue LemmonMcLaughlinMobridgeEurekaHoven DistanceGoodVery goodGood Expected Weather Good FacilitiesPoorVery GoodFair En-route Terrain Very Good Good Weather Conditions at Diversion Point (Compared to Previous Stage)

Lemmon to Aberdeen : Divert 5 IndicatorDeteriorationNo ChangeImprovement Cloud-base Visibility Cloud Coloring Cloud Density Terrain Clearance Rain Showers Cloud Type Horizon Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.28 Expected weather conditions are anticipated on the basis of both the forecast and the prevailing conditions experienced during the flight. Diversion Alternatives The indicators remain largely unchanged from the preceding stage, and the conditions are favorable for visual flight. Consequently, the decision to divert is not necessary at this stage of the flight. Nevertheless, should you feel uncomfortable in the conditions, you should consider your options and perhaps divert to an alternate airport until you feel more comfortable with the conditions.. Go back to where you diverted. Continue LemmonMcLaughlinMobridgeEurekaHoven DistanceVery goodGood Very Good Expected Weather Good Very Good FacilitiesPoorVery GoodFair En-route Terrain Very Good Good Weather Conditions at Diversion Point (Compared to Previous Stage)

Lemmon to Aberdeen : Divert 6 IndicatorDeteriorationNo ChangeImprovement Cloud-base Visibility Cloud Coloring Cloud Density Terrain Clearance Rain Showers Cloud Type Horizon Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D. 29 Expected weather conditions are anticipated on the basis of both the forecast and the prevailing conditions experienced during the flight. Diversion Alternatives The indicators remain largely unchanged from the preceding stage, and the conditions remain favorable for visual flight. Consequently, the decision to divert is not necessary at this stage of the flight. Nevertheless, should you feel uncomfortable in the conditions, you should consider your options and perhaps divert to an alternate airport until you feel more comfortable with the conditions. Go back to where you diverted. Continue LemmonMcLaughlinMobridgeEurekaHoven DistanceFair Good Expected Weather Good Very Good FacilitiesPoorVery GoodFair En-route Terrain Very Good Good Weather Conditions at Diversion Point (Compared to Previous Stage)

In-Flight Diversions - Summary This section of the program was designed to give you an opportunity to practice in-flight weather- related decisions. You should now be able to recognize the onset of deteriorating conditions using the weather indicators, and you should be aware of the way that you make decisions. Finally, you always need to avoid being pressured into continuing a flight. Good airmanship requires that you always give yourself alternatives. Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.30

Program Summary You should now be aware of the value of looking for indications that the weather is deteriorating and that you may need to divert, based on good weather-related decision making. We hope that you enjoyed this program, and that you will apply its principles in your future flights. Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.31

THE END For more training programs and for self-evaluation exercises, please visit our web site at: Additional training flights are available here.available here Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.32