SUBSTATION AUTOMATION SYSTEM BASIC CONCEPTS BY : MANISH TIWARI MANAGER (S/S), BINA

AUTOMATION SYSTEM QUICK PROCESSING LESS OPERATION LESS MANPOWER ACCURATE MORE MEMORY COST REDUCTION INTEGRATION OF FUNCTIONS

SUB-STATION AUTOMATION SYSTEM A NEW STATE OF THE ART TECHNOLOGY INTRODUCED IN VARIOUS NEWLY COMMISSIONED & UP COMING SUB-STATIONS OF POWERGRID. THIS NEW TECHOLOGY FULLY EXPLORES THE USE OF STANDARD IEC61850 COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL FOR MONITORING AND CONTROL OF SUB-STATION . 3

WHAT IS SUB-STATION AUTOMATION SYSTEM ? INTEGRATION OF MONITORING , PROTECTION AND CONTROL FUNCTIONS AT MINIMAL NUMBER OF PLATFORMS 1. AIMS AT REDUCTION OF OPERATING COST 2. REDUNDANT EQUIPMENT AND DATABASES

SUB-STATION AUTOMATION WHY DO WE NEED SUB-STATION AUTOMATION ? 5

SUB-STATION AUTOMATION SYSTEM---TECHNICAL ASPECTS AVAILABILITY OF REAL TIME DATA AS INFORMATION EASY MONITORING OF SYSTEM DATA RECORDING OF DATA ON SET TIME FREQUENCY AVAILBILITY OF PAST DATA & TRENDS FOR PLANNING AND FORECASTING SYNCHROCHECK 6

SUB-STATION AUTOMATION SYSTEM LOCAL AS WELL AS REMOTE CONTROL / MONITORING SAFETY IN OPERATION DUE TO ADDITIONAL SOFTWARE INTERLOCKING SELF MONITORING OF THE SYSTEM DIRECT CONNECTION TO SWITCHGEAR WITHOUT INTERPOSING COMPONENTS 7

ECONOMIC ASPECTS REMOTE CONTROL OF SUB-STATIONS REGION REMOTE CONTROLLED S/S WITH SS AUTOMATION MASTER S/S NR-II FATEHABAD LUDHIANA HISAR JALANDHAR NR-I BAREILY DELHI LUCKNOW BALLABHGARH ER-I PATNA BIHARSHARIF SR-I WARANGAL VIZAG(HVDC) SR-II TIRUNELVELI UDMULPET WR-I RAIGARH, BHATAPARA WARDHA RAIPUR SEONI WR-II RAJGARH KHANDWA PUNE, NEW PERLI BOISAR

ECONOMIC ASPECTS REDUCTION IN INVESTMENT COST BY 1. SMALL CONTROL ROOM BUILDING 2. REDUCTION OF COPPER CABLE 3. REDUCED SIZE OF CABLE TRENCHES 4. BETTER USE OF UNUTILISED SPACE OF SWITCHYARD BY PLACING BAY KIOSK.

SUB-STATION MONITORING AND CONTROL LOCAL CONTROL THROUGH LOCAL HMI REMOTE CONTROL THROUGH REMOTE HMI BAY LEVEL CONTROL IN SWITCH YARD THROUGH BAY CONTROLLER EMERGENCY CONTROL 10

USE OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL IEDs A SINGLE IED CAN BE USED FOR MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS LIKE DISTANCE RELAY CAN ALSO BE USED FOR OVER/UNDER VOLTAGE PROTECTION AUTORECLOSURE FUNCTION E/F PROTECTION SOTF PROTECTION STUB PROTECTION ETC.

SAS-FEATURES Based on decentralized architecture Functions located as close to the process Architecture shall be structured in two level – Substation and Bay level Main process information of the station shall be stored in distributed data base

SAS- FEATURES Located as close as possible to the bay equipments Located in kiosks with Air Conditioning IEDs shall provide all bay level functions regarding Control and Monitoring Each bay control IED shall be independent from each other Input to Bay IED is Electrical and output is optical

CONTROL HIERARCHY BAY CONTROLLER IN SWITCHYARD LOCAL HMI IN CONTROL ROOM REMOTE CONTROL CENTRE

COMMUNICATION Data exchange between bay and station level by Fiber-optic communication infrastructure Communication shall be made on 1+1 mode with failure alarm Data exchange by IEC 61850 protocol with redundant switched Ethernet communication infrastructure Two ports each for RCC and RSCC

TIME SYNCHRONISING A GPS time synchronizing for synchronizing the entire system shall be provided

TYPICAL ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING OF SUBSTATION AUTOMATION SYSTEM Switch for Dia 1 Switch for Dia. 2 Switch for Dia. 3 Switch for Dia. N IEC 61850 Station HMI HMI View Node DR Work Station Redundant Managed Ethernet Station Bus Gateway GPS Clock Router IEDs for Control & protection

USE OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL IEDs BAY CONTROL UNIT WHICH IS BEING USED FOR ANALOG AND DIGITAL DATA ACQUISITION AND BAY EQUIPMENT CONTROL FUNCTIONS FROM IED ITSELF AS WELL AS FROM CONTROL ROOM FOR ONE BAY, HAS CAPABILITY OF CONRTOLLING & MONITORING MAXIMUM 6 BAYS ALONG WITH AUTO VOLTAGE CHECK SYNCHRONISING FUNCTIONS USED FOR CHARGING OF LINES.

BAY CONTROL FUNCTIONS Software interlocking Synchro-check Transformer tap selection Operation counters for CBs/ Pumps Alarm functions Measurement functions Local HMI Interface to Station HMI Data storage for at least 200 events

STATION HMI Single Line Diagram Control Dialogue with interlocking and blocking details Measurement dialogues Alarm List Event List System status Select before execute procedure for security Hot standby

USER AUTHORITY Access rights can be defined for different users such as Display only Normal Operation (Open/ Close) Restricted operation (Bypassed interlocking) System administrator

MAINTENANCE AUTHORITY For maintenance and modification of station HMI No engineering allowed Engineering/ Configuration allowed Entire system management allowed Access rights shall be defined by passwords during logging-in

OPERATIONAL ASPECTS LESS HARDWIRING RESULTS IN INCREASED RELIABILITY OF THE SYSTEM AND LESSER FAULT DETECTION TIME AT SECONDARY SIDE. SOFTWARE ENABLES QUICK APPROACH TO PROCESS THE DATA FOR UNDERSTANDING THE CAUSE OF DISTURBANCE, FOR FAST CORRECTIVE ACTIONS. “ASK BEFORE EXECUTE” FUNCTIONS RESULTS IN LESS PROPBABILITY OF SWICTHING ERROR BY OPERATOR.

OPERATIONAL ASPECTS FACILITY OF AUTOMATIC REPORT GENERATION MONITORING OF AUXILIARY SERVICES GRAPHICAL SIGNAL MATRIX TOOLS ALLOWS US TO EFFICIENTLY CONNECT CTs, VTs AND BINARY I/O SIGNALS WITHOUT CHANGING THE CONFIGURATION OF IEDs. SOFTWARE INTERLOCKING IN ADDITION TO HARDWARE INTERLOCKING AVOIDS DANGOUROUS OR DAMAGING SWITCHGEAR OPERATIONS TO ENSURE PERSONNEL SAFETY.

IEC 61850 COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL A STANDARD PROTOCOL WHICH SUPPROTS INTEROPERABILITY OF IEDs FROM DIFFERENT MANUFACTURERS. INTEROPERABILITY IS THE ABILITY TO OPERATE ON THE SAME NETWORK OR COMMUNICATION PATH SHARING INFORMATION AND COMMANDS.

MAIN ADVANTAGES OF IEC61850 COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL EXCHANGING INFORMATION AND CO-OPERATION BETWEEN DIFFERENT IEDs OF DIFFERENT MANUFACTURERS. ENABLES COMMUNICATION BETWEEN IEDs AND HMI FOR CONTROL AND MONITORING OF SUB-STATION. PROVIDES FLEXIBILITY TO ADOPT SUB-STATION ARCHTECTURE IN RESPONSE TO SPECIFIC REQUIREMENT BASED ON AVAILABILITY AND BUDGET. PROVIDES ADAPTABILITY WITH FUTURE INNOVATIONS WITHIN SUB-STATION AUTOMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY.

CONCLUSION POWERGRID HAS TAKEN A STEP TOWARDS ADOPTING NEW TECHNOLOGY REQUIRED TO MEET TOUGH CHALLENGES AGAINST THE VIDE EXPANSION OF TRANSMISSION NETWORK. IT WILL ALSO MAKE POSSIBLE TO SUPERVISE THE ENTIRE SYSTEM IN A BETTER WAY WITH THE ULTIMATE GOAL TO MINIMISE THE ENERGY NOT SUPPLIED AND AT IMPROVED RATE OF AVAILABILITY.

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