STRENGTH OF ETHNIC IDENTITY ALONG THE HUNGARIAN-SLOVAKIAN-UKRAINIAN BORDERS Antal Örkény – Mária Székelyi ELTE – TÁMOP Research.

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STRENGTH OF ETHNIC IDENTITY ALONG THE HUNGARIAN-SLOVAKIAN-UKRAINIAN BORDERS Antal Örkény – Mária Székelyi ELTE – TÁMOP Research

Ethnic self-identification along the Hungarian- Slovakian-Ukrainian border, percent

Map of closeness among Hungarians in Hungary, three point scale average UKRAINESLOVAKIA Slovakian- Hungarian border Hungarian- Ukrainian border HUNGARY 2,7 town 2,7 Slovakian- Ukrainian border county 2,6 county 1,6 county 1,6

Map of closeness in Slovakia*, three point scale average UKRAINESLOVAKIA 2,3 2,6 Slovakian- Hungarian border Hungarian -Ukrainian border HUNGARY town 2,7 2,5 Slovakian- Ukrainian border county 1,4 1,5 county 2,5 2,4 county 2,5 2,4 *Red color represents Hungarians in Slovakia; green color represents Slovakians in Slovakia

Map of closeness in Ukraine*, three point scale average UKRAINE 2,1 2,4 SLOVAKIA Slovakian- Hungarian border Hungarian -Ukrainian border HUNGARY lakóhely 2,8 2,7 Slovakian- Ukrainian border régió 1,4 1,5 régió 2,8 2,8 régió 2,3 1,9 *Red color represents Hungarian in Ukraine; green color represents Ukrainians in Ukraine

The four types of generalized trust by country and nationality, four point scale average

Patterns of national categorization among Hungarians in three countries, four point scale average

Patterns of Slovak/Ukrainian national categorization in the majority and minority in Slovakia and Ukraine, four point scale average

Summary Distrust toward people, emotional attachment to the country of residence causes rigid categorization Hungarians living in Diasporas do not favour the concept of political nation Ethnic Slovaks in disadvantaged social position along the border indicates intolerance in Slovakia Based on competition Ethnic Ukrainians in disadvantaged social position along the border indicates tolerance in Ukraine Based on solidarity