CHAPTER 1 The Atlantic World …to 1600 A.D.

Section 1 The Native American World People known as Native Americans traveled to this continent 30,000-15,000 years ago. The last Ice Age At that time our deserts were green with vegetation, and saber-toothed cats roamed freely.

Settlement of the Americas During the last Ice Age, and ice bridge, the Berring Strait connected Asia & N. America. Migration is the movement of people wishing to settle in a new place. Most historians believe that Asian populations were following herd of buffalo.

North America Inhabitants North – Inuits Northwest – Makahs California – Chumash The Plateau – Chinook Great Basin – Shosones Southwest – Apaches Plains – Mandans Northeast – Lenape Southeast - Natchez Some groups were nomadic, traveling from area to area hunting & fishing. Other groups learned agriculture and were tied to a specific region.

Shared Customs & Beliefs Kinship – Family Relationships Clans – groups of families living together. Oral history – traditions passed down through generations.

Native American Trade All groups traded. It was seen as a sign of respect. To barter, means to negotiate a trade.

Native Americans & Land Natives never traded land; they did not believe in land ownership. They believed that the land was spiritually superior to them, therefore unable to be owned.

Section 2 The European World 500AD – 1300AD – The Middle Ages, was time of great instability due to Germanic Tribes, Barbarians, & Vikings plundering societies. Feudalsim was an economic system developed to protect against such groups. The Lord divide his land among lesser lords, who ruled manors. These manors were farmed by serfs & peasants.

The Crusades of the Middle Ages In 1077 Muslims from Turkey seized control of Jerusalem, the holy city. The Catholic Church organized military campaigns to win back the Holy Land from 1096-1291AD. The Crusaders brought back Asian goods from far off lands, spurring trade with Asia.

The Black Death In the 1300’s a plague hit Europe – The Black Plague. Carried by fleas from rats, the bubonic plague, or black Death, ravaged China, India, and the Middle East before landing in Italy. The excessive deaths caused many to question the Catholic Religion and faith faded away.

The Renaissance The Renaissance, or rebirth, began in Italy towards the end of the Middle Ages. A quest for learning art, literature, science, philosophy, etc… A Renaissance man was a man who could master, science, history, philosophy, art, etc..

Renaissance Wonders Micheangelo’s “Pieta” Leonardo Da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” Shakespeare’s Plays Johann Gutemberg’s Printing Press

Reformation Due to the printing press, the availability of books, specifically the bible spread across the globe. Many clergy saw discrepancies b/w the bible, and how the church was actually behaving. Called for sweeping changes. The bible is more knowledgeable and powerful than man.

Competition on the Seas 1478 Spain launched an Anti-Jewish/Muslim campaign called the Spanish Inquisition. 1492 Jews who refused to convert and be baptized were expelled from Spain.

Section 3 The World of the West Africans Europeans & Africans resumed trade after the Middle Ages: Europe traded its cloth, iron goods, & copper. Africa traded their gold.

Africa Not all of Africa is desert; the northern area along the equator – very grassy called Savanna. Religion was based on Oral Tradition, which stated humans had a spirit before and after their life on earth.

Slavery in Africa Africans valued labor more than land. POW’s from warring tribes/nations became slaves. African slaves were treated somewhat fairly, and even encouraged to marry into their new culture. In the 1500’s the Portugese, Dutch, & Englished showed up to trade guns for slaves.

Section 4 The Atlantic World (Italian) Christopher Columbus, a former map-maker & trader wanted to be more famous than his blue collar background. CC began working on sailing ships and learned all that he could about geography and navigation.

A Daring Expedition CC wanted to sail west to China & India, but he needed a sponsor to pay for the ships, crew, & provisions. Spain’s Ferdinand & Isabella paid him to make contact with India and gave him the title what lengthy title?

Destination: ASIA 8-3-1492, Nina, Pinta, & Santa Maria sailed south then west in order to avoid storms of the gulf stream. Columbus believed that China was located where the Californian city of San Diego is. 10-12-1492 the Pinta spotted land. It was not China, but San Salvador.

A Historic Meeting The Tainos greeted CC an offered him many exotic gifts. CC felt that the new savages did not understand the concept of worth and would accept objects of little or no value. CC called these savages indians, why?

The Columbus Effect The Columbian Exchange Native Americans haunted by disease, lost entire towns. Europeans believed that God favored them over the indians. Africans enslaved.