Spectrum of pathology Prolapsed discs and osteophytic compression; wear and repair Inflammatory: rheumatoid, ankylosing spondylitis Trauma: odontoid, rotatory subluxation Neoplastic: meningiomas, schwannomas, metastatic cord compression Congenital Klippel Feil, fused, Downs, enterogenous cysts
43 yr male, brachalgia C5 right
Spectrum of pathology Prolapsed discs, osteophytic compression: wear and repair Inflammatory: rheumatoid, ankylosing spondylitis Trauma: odontoid, rotatory subluxation Neoplastic: meningiomas, schwannomas, metastatic cord compression Congenital Klippel Feil, fused, Downs, enterogenous cysts Infection: discitis, osteomyelitis, epidural abscess
S.R. - Male, Age 77 Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis Past multiple joint replacements and episodes of steroid Px Progressive upper and lower limb long tract symp/signs Neck Pain and Stiffness
Occipitocervical fixation
Halo support post-op
Sub axial rheumatoid deformity
Seronegative arthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Spectrum of pathology Prolapsed discs, osteophytic compression: wear and repair Inflammatory: rheumatoid, ankylosing spondylitis Trauma: odontoid, rotatory subluxation Neoplastic: meningiomas, schwannomas, metastatic cord compression Congenital Klippel Feil, fused, Downs, enterogenous cysts Infection: discitis, osteomyelitis, epidural abscess
Odontoid fracture
Odontoid screw fixation
Hangmans fracture
C6 Crush fracture, posterior ligamentous injury
Interspinous ligamentous disruption
Hyperextension injury, ALL disrupted
Rotatory subluxation
Pre reduction MR
Interspinous ligamentous disruption
Posterior reduction and fixation techniques Currette or hook Drilling/ nibbling the superior aspect of the inferior facet Wires Hooks or clamps Screws/ Plates Screws/ Rod combinations
Spectrum of pathology Prolapsed discs, osteophytic compression: wear and repair Inflammatory: rheumatoid, ankylosing spondylitis Trauma: odontoid, rotatory subluxation Neoplastic: meningiomas, schwannomas, metastatic cord compression Congenital Klippel Feil, fused, Downs, enterogenous cysts Infection: discitis, osteomyelitis, epidural abscess
Ependymoma Gd 2
51 years neck, arm pain
NHL cervical cord compression
CT pelvis: right inguinal lymphadenopathy
2 years post op
Patchell, Lancet 2005
Complications General (DVT, MI, Infection, haematoma) Specific: Recurrent and sup laryngeal n Dysphasia Retropharyngeal haematoma Nerve root injury Spinal cord injury Vertebral artery injury
The future Better analysis of results Better constructs Clearer indications More work Ceramic vs plastics vs metal Interface with bone Bone growth stimulants Genetically engineered solutions