Open Access, Nijmegen, Centrum voor Ethiek, Open Access to scientific results easy in principle – hard in practice 1 Jos Engelen Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research and University of Amsterdam - NIKHEF

Open Access, Nijmegen, Centrum voor Ethiek, Open Access 2 Publications; Data (collected as part of the research project) Open Access = free access to all scientific publications (qc-ed) Why? –eases access; takes away obstacles to inter/multidisciplinary reseach; a comprehensive ‘corpus’ of scientific results allows novel, dedicated search engines to ‘read’ an unlimited number of papers for you, drawing your attention to those that possibly are particularly relevant for your own research –eases access for private sector (cf economic top area policy) –publicly funded research has been paid for already, its results should be freely available. If you read about them in the Newspaper, you should be allowed to read the original article ‘A Bacterium That Can Grow by Using Arsenic in Stead of Phospherous’ (Science Express) ‘Navigating the Anthropocene: Improving Earth System Governance’ (Science) Observation of Xi-star sub b particle (OA?) Antarctic ice sheet loss driven by basal melting of ice shelves (Nature; 32$) H5N1 (stopped by authorities; released; Science)

Open Access, Nijmegen, Centrum voor Ethiek, Business Model Scientific publishing of publicly funded research requires professional publishers; it has a cost –quality control; quality assurance; editorial board; distribution; storage; archiving (role of libraries; SURF) –publishers and ‘subscribers’ should establish this cost (transparant; fair) –‘author pays’ is a possible business model; research funding should take this into account. Budget shift from Library budget to the budget of the ‘research funder’... 3

Open Access, Nijmegen, Centrum voor Ethiek, Existing Journals – New Journals Preference: successful, established journals change business model –green road, golden road (preferred) (hybrid: not preferred) Create new OA journals ‘from scratch’ –reputation; initial impact factor = 0 (topical meeting on this in Rotterdam, next October) –successful examples, e.g. BMC (Springer Open) Availability of (high quality) OA journals for your research field? –dedicate couple of hours to this during (large) conferences; NWO has reserved funds for sponsoring such sessions 4

Open Access, Nijmegen, Centrum voor Ethiek, Existing Journals – an example Nature (have a look at their website and count the number of titles: a huge industry!)..\..\..\Desktop\index_npg.html..\..\..\Desktop\index_npg.html –editorial policy? News, views, advertisements; scientific results accepted for publication according to which criteria? ‘Regional spread’? –An anecdote (‘Nature ready to go OA for 10,000 £ per article’) 5

Open Access, Nijmegen, Centrum voor Ethiek, Concensus on OA The research (funding) organisations (in Europe organized through Science Europe) are in favor The European Commission is in favor (Kroes; Geoghegan Quinn) (How) can ‘we’ stimulate/enforce the transition to Open Access? 6

Open Access, Nijmegen, Centrum voor Ethiek, NWO Mission Incentive fund (5 million Euro) –‘pay’ for ‘author pays’ journals –‘pay’ for journals offering it as an option –help new OA initiatives (including OAPEN: books) –sponsor conference sessions (awareness) Example of initiative in high energy physics SCOAP3 (see scoap3.org) 7

Open Access, Nijmegen, Centrum voor Ethiek, How to achieve OA Funding organizations (NWO, DFG, etc.) can (and will) make OA publishing a condition for granting research proposals The same is true for the European Commission –Horizon 2020 ( ) Researchers, in particular the ‘established’ ones (Spinoza; Nobel Prize) should ‘vote with their feet’ (Henk, Anne, Heino, Carl, Peter, Mike, Ieke, Theo go OA!) 8

Open Access, Nijmegen, Centrum voor Ethiek, Data collecting data as (part of) research effort availability for (re)use technical issues (DANS) data management plan as part of grant application This topic is more ‘involved’ and more important and deserves a seminar of its own. (Cultural) differences between disciplines. 9

Open Access, Nijmegen, Centrum voor Ethiek, Conclusions Open Access will be the standard for scientific publishing; new business models are needed and under development Research Funding Orgaisations, including European Commission, will push for this and make it a requirement 10 OA also discussed at European Science Open Forum, Dublin, July I will participate in panel discussion with, among others, Nature’s EIC