Andy K. Valickis, P.Eng. Jim Shubat May 7, 2013 OWWA/OMWA Joint Annual Conference May 5 – 8, 2013 Ottawa, Ontario Killaloe Water System, AVIVETM Water Treatment and Huwa-San Peroxide Andy K. Valickis, P.Eng. Jim Shubat May 7, 2013

Problem To find a cost effective solution to reduce the high level of THMs in the Killaloe Water System

Killaloe Water System Small system – only 90+ connections Owned by the Township of Killaloe, Hagarty and Richards Operated by OCWA Groundwater wells GUDI with in-situ filtration Treatment for iron and manganese removal UV discharging to clearwells Long residency time in clearwells and distribution system (3 to 5 days) THM levels near or over the 100 µg/L limit Individual samples as high as 140 µg/L

Solution AVIVETM Water Treatment system from SanEcoTec Using Huwa-San peroxide (HSP) New form of stabilized peroxide that maintains its residual (equivalent if not better than chlorine) NSF approved as a residual for drinking water Used successfully in Europe in drinking water since 2004 Use HSP for secondary disinfection in the clearwells and distribution system No chlorine to produce THMs

Advantages of AVIVETM and HSP Does not breakdown to form THMs or other chlorine based DBPs Attacks biofilm on pipe walls Very strong oxidizer Longer lasting residual Easy to use for operators Similar to sodium hypochlorite No chlorine taste in the drinking water Significant consumer acceptance

Project Approach Met with MOE (regulators) Essential to get their buy-in Sold the concept to the Township staff and Council Including our own operations staff Numerous consultation meetings with MOE Approvals and Health Unit staff Undertook baseline monitoring and sampling Public notification

Baseline Monitoring and Sampling THM formation Historical THM concentration data available but not where along the process are the majority of the THMs formed Undertook jar testing to develop a baseline and confirm HSP works ATP testing of the existing system Baseline of microbial activity within distribution system Undertaken over a number of weeks Other testing HPC, Total Coliform, E.Coli Metals testing (copper, lead, iron, manganese) Residential hot water systems Microbiological testing includes Heterotrophic Plate Count (HPC), Total Coliform and E.Coli testing Metals testing includes Copper, Lead, Iron and Manganese testing (copper and lead were part of Schedule D of regulatory requirements)

ATP Testing - Luminultra Measures Adenosine Triphosphate A chemical found in living microorganisms Quantitative indication of microbial activity in a sample Results in 5 minutes Indication of the amount of biofilm on pipe walls Testing equipment loaned to this project by Luminultra Sampling and testing undertaken by staff from OCWA and Fleming College’s CAWT Centre for Alternative Wastewater Treatment – Brent Wootton

System Design Still need chlorine to achieve CT requirements Chlorine added to incoming raw well water Used residency time in contactor tanks and pipes (before UV) to achieve CT HSP added immediately after UV system Measure chlorine levels then adjust HSP dosing to quench chlorine + enough to maintain minimum secondary disinfection residual of 3 mg/L With the quenching of the chlorine, THM formation immediately ceases Issue of backwashing contactors with “peroxidated” water Filter to waste until chlorine levels restored The Drinking Water License states that any result that indicates that the Hydrogen Peroxide residuals are below 1 milligram per litre in either the distribution system or plumbing connected to the distribution system, shall be considered an observation made under Section 16-4 (Duty to Report Other Observations) The MOE has stated that it wants to have residuals of less than 8 mg/L (NSF single product allowable concentration for hydrogen peroxide is 8 mg/L) in the distribution system, but would not be considered out of compliance. Therefore a target range of 1 mg/L to 8 mg/L

MOE Approvals Regulatory Relief Amendment to the DWWP Sections from O. Reg. 170/03 under the Safe Drinking Water Act Amendment to the DWWP Additional sampling and reporting for initial 3 months Voluntary sampling (i.e. residential hot water systems) Schedule 1-5(1), respecting the requirement for provision of water treatment equipment that is designed to be capable of secondary disinfection using chlorination or chloramination. Schedule 6-3(1)(a), respecting the collection of a sample for free chlorine residual at the same time and location at which a water sample is taken and tested for a microbiological parameter. 2.1.3 Schedule 6-5(1), respecting the use of continuous monitoring equipment for sampling and testing, for free chlorine residual in a distribution sample. 2.1.4 Schedule 6-7(1), respecting chlorine residual testing, for free chlorine residual in a distribution sample. 2.1.5 Sections 7-2 (3) of Schedule 7, respecting the collection of distribution system samples and testing for free chlorine residual. 2.1.6 Section 16-3 (1) 4 of Schedule 16, respecting the prescription of a result indicating a concentration of free chlorine residual of less than 0.05 milligrams per litre in a distribution grab sample or a domestic hot water plumbing sample taken as per Table 9 of this Schedule, as an adverse result under Section 18 of the Act. 2.1.7 Section 18-4 (1, 2, 2.1) of Schedule 18, respecting corrective actions to be taken in the event of an adverse result for free chlorine residual in accordance with section 16-3(1) 4 of Schedule 16.

Equipment Very similar to what is required for feeding and monitoring sodium hypochlorite Chemical feed pumps (off the shelf) Peroxide residual monitors (supplied by Kramer) Handheld units for sampling in distribution system

Results HSP system was commissioned and went live in late November 2012 Immediate THM reduction Initially down to 25-27 µg/L range Current levels are in the 20-23 µg/L range HSP residuals maintained throughout the distribution system Water quality during the changeover was not affected HAAs were also significantly reduced Before 55 to 67 µg/L range; after 8.4 µg/L

HSP Residuals

THM Reduction SGS Canada Test Results (POST-HSP) Jan 3, 2013 – 25 ug/L for treated water, 26 ug/L for 12 Coll St. Jan 13, 2013 – 25 ug/L for treated water Feb 13, 2013 – 25 ug/L for treated water, 26 ug/L for 181 Queen St. Mar 26, 2013 – 20 ug/L for treated water, 21 ug/L for 12 Coll St. Apr 02, 2013 – 23 ug/L for treated water, 22 ug/L for 12 Coll St. Post-HSP

ATP Testing Results Pre-HSP Post-HSP ATP Results taken from 12 Coll St. (Residential Unit). Values shown here are not considered high ATP test results. Overall, it seemed that Killaloe did not have biofilm issues (pre or post).

Residential Hot Water Systems (Microbiological Activity) Pre-HSP Post-HSP Hydrogen peroxide residual testing in hot water system is not part of MOE requirements however, a set of hot water testing was completed at the visitor centre from Dec 3-6 with a maximum residual reading of 2.5 mg/L on Monday, December 3rd. The treated water residual leaving the plant was 11.9 mg/L. Post-HSP

Conclusions Project a big success! Significant reduction in the DBPs produced Proved HSP can retain a disinfecting residual equivalent to or better than chlorine Significant consumer acceptance of their “new” tap water We finally have a viable alternative to chlorinating our water supplies

Special Thanks