COORDINATOR, IICA CARIBEAN REGIONAL AGENDA CURRENT SITUATION AND OUTLOOK FOR AGRICULTURAL RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE CARIBBEAN Dr. VINCENT LITTLE COORDINATOR, IICA CARIBEAN REGIONAL AGENDA . . . countries had very little autonomy in policy and decision making and generally ‘responded’ to the dictates of the importing company – not the market! . . . countries generally ‘responded’ to the changing market (falling prices, changing market demands, impending agricultural trade liberalisation) and the need to generate foreign exchange earnings from agriculture emphasizing horizontal, i.e., expanding the basket of commodities produced, rather than vertical, through production of more value-added;

CONTENT OF THE PRESENTATION BACKGROUND CURRENT SITUATION INTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES OUTLOOK . . . countries had very little autonomy in policy and decision making and generally ‘responded’ to the dictates of the importing company – not the market! . . . countries generally ‘responded’ to the changing market (falling prices, changing market demands, impending agricultural trade liberalisation) and the need to generate foreign exchange earnings from agriculture emphasizing horizontal, i.e., expanding the basket of commodities produced, rather than vertical, through production of more value-added;

NATURAL AND MAN-MADE SOURCES OF RISK BACKGROUND NATURAL AND MAN-MADE SOURCES OF RISK REGION AMONG THE TOP 10 IN DISASTER PRONENESS INDEX FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC COSTS of DISASTERS ARE HIGH AND ARE EXPECTED TO INCREASE . . . countries had very little autonomy in policy and decision making and generally ‘responded’ to the dictates of the importing company – not the market! . . . countries generally ‘responded’ to the changing market (falling prices, changing market demands, impending agricultural trade liberalisation) and the need to generate foreign exchange earnings from agriculture emphasizing horizontal, i.e., expanding the basket of commodities produced, rather than vertical, through production of more value-added;

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE REGION: SMALL ISLAND DEVELOPING STATES (SIDS) AND LOW LYING COASTAL STATES (LLCS) MORE THAN 68% OF LOSSES ARE TO THE SOCIAL AND PRODUCTIVE SECTOR 60% OF THE POPULATION RESIDES IN THE COASTAL ZONE 70% OF ALL ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES TAKES PLACE WITHIN 2 MILES OF THE COASTLINE

ESTIMATES OF IMPACT OF DISASTER EVENTS ON GDP YEAR PLACE DISASTER IMPACT 1988 JAMAICA GILBERT 65% OF GDP 1989 5 COUNTRIES HUGO US $412 MILLION 1999 DOMINICA LENNY 53% OF GDP 2004 HAITI AND DR FLOODING 270 DEATHS GRENADA IVAN US $ 895 MILLION US $ 592 MILLION 2005 GUYANA 60% OF GDP

DAMAGE DONE TO AGRICULTURAL SECTORIN SOME COUNTRIES BY SELECTED DISASTERS COUNTRY DISASTER ESTIMATED VALUE DOMINICA LUIS AND MARILYN (1995) US $12 million GRENADA IVAN (2004) US $36.6 million GUYANA FLOODS (2005) FLOODS (2006) US $54.5 million US $22.5 million JAMAICA GILBERT (1988) JA $1.66 billion ST. KITTS/ NEVIS LUIS (1995) DEAN (2007) US $15 million US $10 million ST. LUCIA US $16.9 million COUNTRY

MAJOR HURRICANES IN THE CARIBBEAN BY DECADE, 1970-2008 CATEGORY OF HURRICANE 1970- 79 1980-99 1990-99 2000-08 CATEGORY 3 9 7 11 10 CATEGORY 4 3 12 CATEGORY 5 2 TOTAL 15 17 25 29

ECONOMIC COSTS TO SECTOR ARE EXPECTED TO INCREASE: INCREASED CAPITAL ACCUMULATION IN THE SECTOR STRENGTHENED INTER-SECTORAL LINKAGES INCREASED PERSISTENT POVERTY CONTINUED DEMOGRAPHIC GROWTH AND SHIFTS INCREASED PROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE OF SEVERE WEATHER EVENTS

RISK, HAZARDS AND VULNERABILITY R - f (H, V). R - RISK H - HAZARD V - VULNERABILITY

CURRENT SITUATION

INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

TECHNICAL ACTIONS

INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING ENHANCE THE CULTURE FOR ARM AT REGIONAL, NATIONAL , AND COMMUNITY LEVEL DEVELOP THE INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE ESTABLISH AN OFFICE OF CHIEF AGRICULTURAL RISK OFFICER DEVELOP EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING MATERIALS DEVELOP ARM TOOLKITS DEVELOP AND IMPLEMENT COMMUNICATION/ PUBLIC AWARENESS PROGRAMMES

PREPAREDNESS, RESPONSE AND MITIGATION CAPACITY ENHANCED DESIGN AND IMLEMENTATION OF RISK TRANSFER MEASURES INCORPERATE HAZARD INFORMATION AND DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT MEASURES IN THE PLANNING PROCESS DEVELOP PROTOCOLS AND ESTABLISH RESOURCE FACILITY IMPROVE NATIONAL AND LOCAL CAPACITY DEVELOP CAPACITY FOR DAMAGE AND LOSS ASSESSMENTS

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENT RISK TRANSFER MECHANISMS HOST REGIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON STRATEGY AND MODEL FOR AGRICULTURE INSURANCE CONDUCT NATIONAL WORKSHOP ON AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE ENGAGE CCRIF IN DISCUSSIONS INTRODUCE AGRICULTURAL RISK FINANCING MECHANISMS

INCORPERATION OF HAZARDS INFORMATION IN THE PLANNING PROCESS INCOLLABORATION WITH CIMH, CONDUCT THE FOLLOWING ACTIVITIES; DROUGHT AND FLOOD ANALYSIS AND MONITORING SEASONAL PRECIPITATION FORECASTS AGROCLIMATIC STUDIES FLOOD PLAIN MAPPING DEVELOPMENT OF EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS

DEVELOPMENT OF PROTOCOLS AND RESOURCE FACILITY DEVELOP AND UTILIZE PROTOCOLS OF BROAD PREPAREDNESS AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES AND ACTIONS. ESTABLISH AN AGRICULTURAL NATURAL DISASTER RESOURCE FACILITY CONSISTING OF TECHNICAL RESOURCES. DEVELOP STANDARDIZED METHODOLOGY FOR DAMAGE AND LOSS ASSSESMENTS AND RECOVERY AND REHABILITATION.

STRENGTHENING OF NATIONAL AND LOCAL CAPACITIES FOR DISASTER MITIGATION PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE IMPROVE THE RESILIENCE OF THE SECTOR TO DISASTERS FOR SUSTAINABLE ATTAINMENT OF FOOD AND LIVELIHOOD SECURITY (BELIZE, GRENADA AND ST. LUCIA) IMPROVE RISK MANAGEMENT AND LAND DEGRADATION ASSESSMENTS (DOMINICA) DEVELOP SEEDS/SEEDLINGS BANK FOR CRITICAL CROPS. CONDUCT RESEARCH ON CROP SEQUENCING.

STRENGTHENING OF CAPACITY TO CONDUCT DAMAGE AND LOSS ASSESSMENTS CONDUCT REGIONAL AND NATIONAL TRAINING EVENTS IN DALA METHODOLOGY SUPPORT DAMAGE AND LOSS ASSESSMENT ASIGNMENT

EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE PROVIDED IN THE MANAGEMENT OF INVASIVE SPECIES GENERATE INFORMATION ON THE DIVERSITY, ECOLOGY, AND EVOLUTION OF THE H1N1 VIRUS STRENGTHEN FIELD SURVEILLANCE AND LABORATORY SYSTEMS TO ENSURE DETECTION AND DIAGNOSIS

REDUCTION OF PRAEDIAL LARCENY REVIEW THE STATE OF PRAEDIAL LARCENY IN THE REGION PROMOTE OF PUBLIC AWARENESS PROGRAMME INSTITUTIONALIZE FARM RECORD KEEPING

REDUCTION OF PRAEDIAL LARCENY CONT’D PROMOTE FARMER REGISTRATION SYSTEMS HOST REGIONAL FORUM TO ADDRESS CRITICAL ISSUES

OUTLOOK FOR ARM IN THE CARIBBEAN REGION

ELEMENTS OF GOOD DISASTER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES SUSTAINABLE INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURES AND GOOD GOVERNANCE RISK IDENTIFICATION, MONITORING, EARLY WARNING AND PUBLIC AWARENESS TECHNICAL AND PHYSICAL RISK MITIGATION BUILDING RESILIENCE, PROMOTION OF INNOVATIVE, KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS RISK SHARING AND RISK TRANSFER PREPAREDNESS, EFFECTIVE RESPONSE AND SUSTAINABLE RECOVERY

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