Use of Live Virtual & Constructive (LVC) Technology for Large Scale Operational Tests of Net-Centric Systems Michael DiGennaro, Operational Test Command Oral Walker, PEO-I Sheetal Doshi, Scalable Network Technologies Bradley Bressler, Scalable Network Technologies Rajive Bagrodia, Scalable Network Technologies

Problem-1: Scalability in Operational Tests OTC must establish that the network (or system) under test can operate in operationally relevant deployments based on specified requirements at scale. It is often hard, if not impossible, for OTC to have access to the needed number of physical radios to achieve the desired scale “How can we make 30 GMR live radios believe that they are a part of a 100 radio network?”

Problem-2: Realistic Network Loading To stimulate a live NSUT (Network System Under Test) with‘large-scale’ network traffic profile, M&S based tools are used by T&E community OneSAF C2 Adapter, C3 Driver, ExCIS generate C2/SA messages in the live message form as if they are being generated by additional units Messages injected directly into the live network assuming perfect comms between these additional units and live injection point Realistically, if these messages were to come over a live network of forces, fraction of these messages would be lost or suffer delays due to the wireless medium, unit mobility, and the radio network characteristics Perfect Communication based injection of these messages takes away the realistic nature of the operational test. Traffic Injection into NUT assuming perfect communications Traffic Injection reflecting impact of dynamic network connectivity, link bandwidth and channel quality Units Moving out of radio range

BCNIS Overview OTC’s Battle Command & Network Integration and Simulation (BCNIS) is a test suite that augments a live tactical network with an ‘LVC capable’ constructive tactical network that consists of a seamlessly integrated set of component products that together provide the following set of functionalities in a LVC context: Constructive Force Representation Constructive Network Representation in network simulation Tactical C2/SA Applications Interface to live network for LVC operation Achieves Realistic Network Loading by interfacing constructive radios with M&S based Tactical Message generators and providing realistic communication effects to these messages before being injected into the live NUT Network Simulation employs high fidelity models of radios, wireless channel effects and terrain Achieves Scalability for OT using Live Virtual Constructive representation to increase the size of the NUT

BCNIS Solution for Realistic Network Loading Realistiically Comm Effected Tactical Messages Constructive Tactical Message Generators (e.g., C2 Adapter) No C3 driver, define JNE Provide realistic communication effects and network loading 5

BCNIS Components: JNE JTRS Network Emulator (JNE) developed by Scalable Network Technologies (SNT) under a JTRS SBIR project funded jointly by JPEO, PEO Integration & Army OTC Constructive Radio Network running high fidelity models of the radios under test. HWIL interface to connect to live networks Real-time execution with parallel capability to scale to large numbers of radios Interfaces to Live Tactical applications, C2/SA Message Generators, live Network Managers, and packet analyzers Interface to Semi-Automated Forces to control radio positions and mobility

BCNIS Components: OneSAF Constructive Force Representation and Tactical Wargaming tool Provides realistic maneuvers of constructive units based on tactical decision-making

BCNIS Components: Role Player Work Station Surrogate for the live Command & Control /Situational Awareness applications that run on the live side C2 and SA messages from RPWS are injected into the constructive radio that it is mapped to run on

BCNIS Components: OneSAF C2 Adapter Generates actual SA messages for the semi automated units in OneSAF These messages are injected into the corresponding constructive radios in JNE for realistic communication effects IP Addresses???

BCNIS Components: XPRT Solution’s HITL module Injects control and data traffic (which includes actual C2/SA messages) from constructive into live network and vice versa Provides instrumentation of traffic between live and constructive networks

Use Case: Realistic Network Loading for GMR SIT Part 2 BCNIS successfully deployed in GMR SIT Part2 at Ft Huachuca Realistic stimulation of the live GMR radio network at Layer 3 Red side Live C2/SA applications connected to the constructive network Control traffic and Data traffic injection into the live NUT based on realistic communication effects in the constructive network

BCNIS Hardware setup for GMR SIT Part 2 Generates actual SA messages for multiple constructive radios OneSAF C2 Adapter Provides position updates to constructive network GMR-WNW-HITL Live WNW Network RPWS JNE Inject unicast and multicast control and data traffic into live GMR network at Red side GMR Red Router Generates actual C2/ SA message for a single constructive radio Software Operating System Hardware Details JNE RHEL 5.3 64-bit Dell R610 8GB RAM Xeon 2.66Ghz quad core (x5550 model number) 8MB L2 cache 146GB 15k rpm serial attached SCSI Delete all IP addresses Virtual Representation of GMR Red Router RPWS box maps to constructive radio via Exata interface Black RF

BCNIS Accomplishments in SIT Part 2 Objectives were to verify LVC operation with live radios, realistic network loading of the live NUT and demonstrate robustness of BCNIS Observations from SIT Part 2: Full OSPF convergence for all live and constructive radios Multicast traffic from live radios received by constructive radios Traffic originating from constructive radios reached live, seen in data reduction reports Unicast UDP TGEN originating from virtual node Multicast TGEN originating from virtual node JVMF K5.01 SA traffic originating from C2 Adapter and passing through constructive network to live with accurate communication effects SA periodic updates when virtual units are stationary and dynamic updates when units moved in OneSAF Several runs with BCNIS injecting realistic traffic continuously for 3 hours during SIT Part 2 Successful Risk Reduction Event for BCNIS

BCNIS Solution for Scalability for OT Exchange WNW Control Messages to extend scale of live WNW network Augment size of force in constructive environment using BCNIS to make up for lack of live radios and provide realistic communication effects and network loading at Larger Scale 14

Future Work and Planned Deployments BCNIS is expected to play in the following test events in the near future Realistic Network Loading in GMR LUT Large Scale LVC representation and Realistic Network Loading in GMR MOT&E Capabilities planned for future versions of BCNIS Support for LVC with Current Force Radio Networks like SINCGARS and EPLRS Real-time Data Collection and Instrumentation of the constructive network Root cause analysis to understand constructive network behavior Real-time Visualization of the constructive network status Integration with tactical applications of interest to the T&E community and programs such as JCR, BFT-II