GASS™-2040 Gas Analysis Sampling Systems 2040-001

GASS-2040 New product introduction at AWMA Combines capabilities of Probe / Mini-GASS™ and GASS™-II systems Can be mounted anywhere, including directly on stack flange with optional integral sample probe Most complete sample conditioning system on the market GASS-II discontinued, all other GASS systems still available 2040-002

The General Problem Sample conditioning receives little attention, Gas analysis for Emissions or Process Monitoring involves three steps: 1. Sampling 2. Conditioning 3. Analysis Samples are typically: Hot Wet Dirty Analyzers require samples to be: Cool Dry Clean Sample conditioning receives little attention, but is often the most difficult step of the three. 2040-003

Sampling Methods In-situ analysis 2. Extraction  a. Wet (filtered only) b. Dilution c. Drying 1) Absorption 2) Condensation 3) Selective permeation  2040-004

Typical Problems in Gas Samples Gases Rarely a problem Liquids Water Acid mists (sulfuric acid) Solids Ammonia salts Excessive particulates 2040-005

Water Problems Clogging or damage to analyzers or components Requirement for heated lines or analyzers Long calibration times due to adsorption/desorption Interference in infrared (or other) measurements Loss of water-soluble analytes Participation in unwanted chemical reactions 2040-006

Sulfur Dioxide Solubility in Water 100 90 80 70 60 SO2 Solubility (ml SO2/100 ml H2O) 50 40 30 20 10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Temperature (Deg. C) 2040-007

Sulfur Dioxide Solubility in Water Temperature Degree C SO2 Solubility in H2O ml SO2 / 100 ml H2O Temperature Degree C SO2 Solubility in H2O ml SO2 / 100 ml H2O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 79.8 77.2 74.7 72.2 69.8 67.5 65.2 63.0 60.8 58.7 56.6 54.7 52.7 50.8 49.0 47.3 45.6 43.9 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 35 40 90 100 42.4 40.8 39.4 38.0 36.8 35.3 34.0 32.8 31.6 30.4 29.3 28.2 27.2 22.5 18.8 2.1 .0 2040-008

Unwanted Reactions 1. Formation of Sulfuric Acid a. 2SO2 + O2  2SO3 SO3 + H2O H2SO4 b. NO2 + SO2 + H2O H2SO4 + NO 2. Formation of Ammonia Salts a. NH3 + SO2 + H2O NH4HSO3 b. NH3 + SO3 + H2O NH4HSO4        2040-009

Acid Mist Problems Mists are very corrosive, viscous, clogging Difficult to remove; slow to coalesce into sizeable droplets when cooled Special coalescing filters helpful 2040-010

Ammonia Salts Problems Present special problems Ammonia is gas, passes through probe filter Forms clogs if allowed to cool, react with SO2 or SO3 and H2O to form ammonium salts Requires special absorbents to remove ammonia before cooling to prevent clogs 2040-011

Excessive Particulates Easiest to solve Probe filter with heated blowback Secondary filter with finer porosity Inertial bypass filters if necessary 2040-012

The Solution GASS™-2040 Gas Analysis Sampling Systems Retain water-soluble analytes (HCl, SO2, NOX) Achieve low final sample dew points (down to -25oC) Accept high sample flow rates (up to 25 L/minute) Accommodate nearly any sample (customized) Eliminate heated sample lines (stack mounting) 2040-013

GASS™-2040 Gas Analysis Sampling System  2040-014

GASS™-2040 Overview Stainless steel NEMA-4X enclosure Integral probe with heated filter and blowback Hastelloy heat exchanger Coalescing/particulate filter with automatic drain Ammonia scrubber(s) Wide range of dryers, double dryers PLC with Ethernet for remote control Safety interlocks and alarms Sample pump, other options to customize system 2040-015

Integral Probe, Filter and Blowback  2040-016

Integral Probe, Filter and Blowback Range of probe lengths and materials Directly connected, no heated line Probe filter stainless steel or glass-coated Temperature controlled by PLC Avoids losses of analytes in filter Blowback heated, closely coupled Blowback timing controlled by PLC Avoids condensation during blowback 2040-017

Coalescing / Particulate Filter and Drain  2040-018

Coalescing / Particulate Filter 2040-019

Coalescing / Particulate Filter 2040-020

Coalescing / Particulate Filter Two-layer, coalescing and particle element Temperature controlled by PLC Removes particles >0.1 micron and mists Hastelloy heat exchanger Improves acid mist removal Available in stainless steel or PVDF Kynar® Corrosion resistant 2040-021

Automatic Drain 2040-022

Automatic Drain Coalesced liquid removed by eductor Drain timing controlled by PLC Reliable, no peristaltic pump Eductor entirely PTFE Teflon® Full corrosion resistance Teflon check valve Positive seal when not operating 2040-023

Ammonia Scrubber  2040-024

Ammonia Scrubber 2040-025

Ammonia Scrubber 2040-026

Ammonia Scrubber Proprietary scrubbing media Long-lasting, selective for ammonia No tools needed for media replacement Easy maintenance Stainless steel with stainless steel shell or polysulfone shell for visibility Corrosion resistant 2040-027

Nafion® Gas Dryer  2040-028

NAFION® Chemical Structure [ (CF2 CF2 )m CF CF2 ] n O CF2 CF CF3 Z O WHEN: m = 5 to 13.5 n = ca 1,000 z = 1,2,3... x = 1 to 13 CF2 CF2 SO3 H ● [H2O]X 2040-029

NAFION Gas Dryer Principle 2040-030

NAFION Dryer Schematic 2040-031

PD-Series Polytube Dryers 2040-032

NAFION Selectivity Nafion permeation selectivity is based on chemical reactivity, not size Only compounds that chemically associate with sulfonic acid permeate through Nafion Bases associate with sulfonic acid and permeate through Nafion Very few bases are gases at typical operating temperatures, so very few compounds permeate 2040-033

Effect on Analytes Removes water directly as water vapor. No condensate forms to dissolve analytes. Removes compounds with hydroxyl groups (-OH) H2O, some organics Retains important compounds O2, O3, CO, CO2, NOX, SO2, SO3, H2S, Hg, HCl 2040-034

PD-Series Performance Chart DEWPOINT (oC) -40 -50 -30 FLOW (liters/min.) PD-50T ...0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 -45 -35 12” 24” 48” 72” -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 15 20 PD-100T ...0 12 14 16 18 PD-200T ...0 24 28 32 36 40 MODEL 2040-035

Low Final Dew Points Dew point as low as -45oC can be achieved. Dew point of -10oC to -25oC is typical. Performance is a function of dryer size and sample flow rate. Analytical results and reliability improved by reducing water interferences. Acid mist problems overcome. 2040-036

PLC  2040-037

PLC Digital selection of operating conditions Precise control of operating parameters Standard unit, easy programming Easy maintenance and updating Optional Ethernet connection Remote control and data display 2040-038

Optional Heatless Dryer  2040-039

Optional Heatless Dryer  2040-040

Optional Heatless Dryer  2040-041

Optional Heatless Dryer Steady supply of dry air for system use Continuous 60 L/min. to -45ºC dewpoint No line pressure surges Inactive canister repressurized before reuse Very reliable with no maintenance Electronic switching, permanent spring- loaded molecular sieve 2040-042

Optional Sample Pump  2040-043

Optional Sample Pump Pump head mounted in heated zone Prevents sample condensation Pump motor mounted in unheated zone Improves pump reliability Pump head stainless steel or Teflon Corrosion-resistant, long life Sample transported under pressure Avoids contamination from minor leaks 2040-044

GASS-2040 Options Integral Probe Probe Filter Blowback Bypass Filter Coalescing Filter Automatic Drain Ammonia Scrubbers Dryer Sizes Purge Heatless Dryer Ethernet Connection X- or Z-Purge Kynar® Fittings Sample Pump Purge Eductor 2040-045

Summation Proven technology, years of experience GASS™-2040 combines all necessary sampling and conditioning in one package Proven technology, years of experience Opportunity to eliminate heated lines Many options; buy only what is needed Smaller systems available for less demanding applications 2040-046