Lannate® Insecticide Registration Attributes Lannate® compared to OP’s products Reversibility Studies in Rat Mexican worker exposure DuPont Safe Use Measures & Proposal S N C O

Methomyl Registration Lannate has been commercialized since 1968 (USA) Widely registered 80 countries approximately 190 crops (vegetables, fruits, fibers, and plantation crops) Variety of formulations available to meet local needs No severe restrictions or bans based on risk assessment Is not PIC listed Ask Patrick was Pic listed means (ezplanation)

Insecticidal Attributes Lannate is anti-acetyl cholinesterase, inhibiting nerve function Broad spectrum of activity; controls >140 insect species Fast acting, effective by contact & ingestion; also ovicidal activity Not phytotoxic, systemic, translaminar Excellent compatibility with commonly used pesticides Resistance management tool and fits with IPM

Toxicology Attributes Acute dermal toxicity is extremely low one of the primary attributes of methomyl 95% of worker exposure is potentially dermal Acute oral and inhalation toxicity is high exposure can be mitigated (masks) Toxicity (acetyl cholinesterase inhibition) is quickly reversible without treatment carbamate insecticide property no delayed neurotoxicity in long term Effective antidote is available (atropine) Toxicology studies have shown that methomyl does not cause: developmental toxicity, reproductive toxicity, mutations, chronic toxicity, delayed neurotoxicity, carcinogenicity Low demal toxicity due to break down, when penetrating through skin. No allergies Toxicity (acetyl cholinesterase inhibition) is quickly reversible without treatment compared with OP’s- carbamate attribute

Environmental Attributes Rapid decomposition to natural molecules, no potential to bioaccumulate Rapid degradation soil: 90% loss in 35 days, low mobility water: half life very short, hours to <7 days Rapid metabolism plants: half life <3-5 days, short residual on crops, safe for harvesters (PHI’s 1-7 days) and consumers animals: >50% metabolized or excreted in 24 hrs Aquatic toxicity acutely toxic to invertebrates but exposure mitigated by label precautions (no aquatic uses) low potential for chronic toxicity due to rapid degradation Lannate does not accumulate in body and any adverse effect is rapidly reversible. Metabolites (acetonitrile & CO2) are eliminate primarily by respiration and urine.

Lannate® Vs. commonly used OP’s Dermal and dietary safety in comparison to some OP insecticides: Dermal LD50 ADI* (mg/kg) (ug/kg/day) methomyl 5880 (rabbit) 30 methamidophos 118 (rabbit) 0.6 monocrotophos 354 (rabbit); 120 (rat) 0.6 demeton S methyl 30 (rat) 0.3 oxydemeton methyl 130 (rat) 0.3 mevinphos 16-33 (rabbit); 4-90 (rat) 1.3 *ADI = Acceptable Daily Intake values determined by JMPR UAE-united arab emirats banned products, very strict Do these products are still sold? Even in banned?

Lannate®: Rat Reversibility Study Results

Mexican Worker Exposure Study Determine potential dermal and respiratory exposure to mixers, loaders, and applicators during use with backpack sprayers low (cauliflower) and medium (tomato) height crops 15 replicates (5 operators spraying on 3 separate occasions) GIFAP recommended clothing worn outer cotton tunic and trousers with inner cotton underwear (dosimeter f/dermal exposure) waterproof gloves with cotton undergloves (dosimeter f/hand exposure) rubber boots, baseball caps & dust masks (dosimeter f/respiratory exposure) Patrick: Do Knapsack is the same as backpack sprayers?

Mexican Worker Exposure Study : Summary of Findings Outer clothing provides a high degree of protection from dermal exposure intercepting 83-93% of total methomyl residue Respiratory exposure is very low (<0.1%)[dust mask] Margins of safety for workers applying methomyl to a medium height crop (tomato) with appropriate PPE are: 206 for dermal exposure 3316 for respiratory exposure

Mexican Worker Exposure Study: Results

Mexican Worker Exposure Study: Results Methomyl residues

Mexican Worker Exposure Study: Tomato Results Route Exposure* NOEL MOS**** Dermal 0.437 mg/kg 90 mg/kg** 206 (sum of deposits on inner suit and gloves, face, and neck) Respiratory 0.0038 mg/kg 12.6 mg/kg*** 3316 (deposit on respirator) *based on a 70 kg person and adjusted to 6 and 4 hrs exposure for dermal and respiratory routes, respectively ** 21-day dermal study in rabbits (exposure 6 hrs/day) *** rat inhalation LC50 study (exposure 4 hrs; no mortality at 1.8 mg/L); assumes 100% absorption by a 0.25 kg rat with a respiration rate of 73 mL/min **** Margin of Safety = NOEL divided by exposure

DuPont Safe Use Measures Use of dye (color) New formulations with bittering agents (mal sabor) to prevent accidental ingestion Use of constant flow valve for backpack sprays Labelling with precautions and pictograms Availability of atropine whenever needed Safe use training programs Packaging in water soluble bags for solids and high density plastic bottles for liquids; no large containers constant flow valve? Is that used in CA?

DuPont’s proposal to authorities Discontinue commercialization of liquid Lannate® New 1 oz presentation on WSB to avoid handling Training to medical department, to be able to tell difference between acetyl cholinesterase symptoms and other (heat) Continue training efforts on good use and Lannate ® management On the last 3 years, 430 people were trained in El Salvador Agricultores, cooperativas, Distribuidores: dependientes de mostrador, Area de ventas, servicio tecnico, bodegueros.