Energy Notes Photosynthesis, Chemosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Marine Biology

Warm Up What process do plants do to make sugar? What process do all organisms do to make energy? Explain how photosynthesis and cellular respiration make a cycle. Why would low levels of oxygen in the water pose a problem for marine life?

CO2 + H2O + Sun Light Carbohydrates + O2 Review Photosynthesis “photo” = light “synthesis” = to put together CO2 + H2O + Sun Light Gives you Carbohydrates + O2

CO2 + H2O + Sun Light Carbohydrates + O2 Review Photosynthesis Gives you Carbon dioxide Water Carbohydrates + O2 Sugar (glucose) Oxygen

CO2 + H2O + Sun Light Carbohydrates + O2 Review Photosynthesis Gives you 1. REACTANTS (what you start with) Carbohydrates + O2 2. PRODUCTS (what you end with)

Review Chemosythesis What is chemosynthesis? Chemosynthesis is used when sunlight is not available. What happens during chemosynthesis? During chemosynthesis, organisms use inorganic substances in place of sunlight to make sugar and oxygen. What is the equation for chemosynthesis? Inorganic substances + water+ carbon dioxide Oxygen + sugar

What organisms do chemosynthesis? Organisms that do not receive sunlight HAVE to do chemosynthesis in order to make food for themselves (bacteria or deep water organisms).

Review Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration is just the opposite of photosynthesis! C6H12O6 + O2 → ATP + CO2 + H2O respiration CO2 + H2O + light → C6H12O6 + O2 photosynthesis

Review Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 O2 ATP CO2 H2O Energy Oxygen Carbon dioxide Water Sugar (glucose) Products (what’s produced) Reactants (what’s needed)

Review Cellular Respiration Important facts for marine biologist: All living organisms break down sugars to get energy. This is called cellular respiration. What is glucose again? SUGAR!!

Energy Notes First, copy the questions (Cornell Note Style) Make sure you have the right answer before continuing. Record the correct answer on the right hand side. There are only 13 questions but you must understand/remember the material in every question!

Energy Unit Review Questions What process releases energy from sugar? What process absorbs energy from the sun to make sugar (food for the plant)? Where does photosynthesis happen in the cell? Where does cellular respiration happen in the cell? Cellular Respiration! Photosynthesis Chloroplast Mitochondria

Energy Unit Review Questions 5. What is the equation for cellular respiration? What is the equation for photosynthesis? What is chemosynthesis? Explain transpiration and how water moves through a plant. O2+Sugar CO2+H2O+ATP ENERGY CO2+H20+SUN ENERGY O2+Sugar HAPPENS WITHOUT LIGHT!!! Organisms use inorganic substances to make sugar and oxygen Water moves in through the roots and evaporates through the leaves into the air.

Energy Unit Review Questions What happens to the nitrogen in organisms when they die? What is ATP? Where in the cell is energy produced (ATP)? Where in the cell is energy absorbed? They decompose and the nitrogen goes back into the ground for plants to use. Energy molecule Mitochondria Chloroplast

Energy Unit Review Questions 13. Explain how cellular respiration and photosynthesis make a cycle. Energy is cycled between photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

Dissolved Oxygen Dissolved Oxygen Video Use the following words to explain WHY marine organisms will suffer from low oxygen levels in the water: Cellular respiration Reactants Products Oxygen Carbon dioxide Water Energy (ATP) Energy (sunlight)

Dissolved Oxygen and Fertilizers (Run Off) Fertilizers video After the video, please write a short summary of how fertilizers affect the oxygen levels in the water.

Chemosynthesis Practice Use the following HSA questions to practice our knowledge of energy transfer.

#1. Some types of bacteria live deep in the ocean where sunlight cannot reach. These bacteria use the energy stored in inorganic molecules to make sugars (HSA 2007). Which of these processes do the bacteria use to produce sugars? photosynthesis chemosynthesis aerobic respiration nitrogen fixation

#2. Some bacteria live in habitats without light #2. Some bacteria live in habitats without light. They produce their own food using inorganic substances from the environment. Which of these terms best describes this process? photosynthesis cellular respiration binary fission chemosynthesis

#3. In deep ocean trenches, bacteria produce organic materials from inorganic compounds through the process of respiration decomposition photosynthesis chemosynthesis

Phytoplankton and Zooplankton Watch video that discusses phytoplankton, zooplankton. What are phytoplankton? Why are they called primary producers? What are zooplankton? What do zooplankton eat? Draw a food web with phytoplankton and zoo plankton. Watch video that discusses phytoplankton, zooplankton. What are phytoplankton? *Phytoplankton are tiny plants in the water. Why are they called primary producers? *They are called primary producers because they provide oxygen to the whole food web including us! What are zooplankton? *Little animals=zoo=animals What do zooplankton eat? *zooplankton feed on the phytoplankton Draw a food web with phytoplankton and zoo plankton. *phytoplanktonzooplankton

Eutrophication Watch video on eutrophication. What is algal bloom? What causes oxygen to be used up? After phytoplankton dies, what happens? What consumes the decomposing algae? Who uses up all the oxygen in the water? How do the numbers of these micro organisms effect the oxygen levels in the water? What is eutrophication? Watch video on eutrophication. What is algal bloom? *When algae grows a lot. After phytoplankton dies, what happens? *Phytoplankton sink to the bottom where they decompose. They are then broken down by zooplankton or little animals (think zoo=animals) What causes oxygen to be used up? *Oxygen is used up by the zooplankton as they do cellular respiration. What consumes the decomposing algae? *Decomposing algae is eaten up by the zooplankton. Who uses up all the oxygen in the water? *The zooplankton How do the numbers of these micro organisms effect the oxygen levels in the water? *Too much algae=too much zooplankton which uses up all the oxygen What is eutrophication? *Low oxygen in the water causes fish to die.

Independent Research Read Oxygen in the Water on page 372. Summarize the reading. Make sure to answer the following questions in your writing: How is oxygen produced? What process requires the use of oxygen? What is dissolved oxygen? How do marine organisms take in oxygen? Explain why there is a high concentration of DO in the bottom of the ocean. Why are there high levels of DO at the surface of the water? Explain the finding in the graph (figure 15-7) in your own words.

Show How Energy Cycles Draw a diagram in order to show how energy transfers between photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Use as exit quiz

Photosynthesis Lab

HSA Public Release Question Elodea, a freshwater plant, releases gas bubbles when it is placed in direct light. In an investigation, a student placed a lamp at different distances from an aquarium containing Elodea. The student counted the number of bubbles produced by the Elodea plant. His data are shown in the table below. What energy source is used by Elodea? heat light oxygen carbon dioxide

Reviewing Dissolved Oxygen Photosynthesis is discussed on page 109 of the Marine Science text. Add the following to your notes: What does photo mean? What does synthesis mean? What is an autotroph? What byproduct is made during photosynthesis? Explain how algae in the water provides some of the oxygen that you breathe.