A Brief Synopsis of “HACEK” organisms

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Presentation transcript:

A Brief Synopsis of “HACEK” organisms Michael Addidle

HACEK ORGANISMS H-H. parainfluenzae A-Aggregatibacter actinomycetecomitans - Aggregatibacter aphrophilus and paraphrophilus. C-Cardiobacterium hominus E-Eikenella corrodens K-Kingella species

What do HACEK organisms have in common? Gram negative Commensals in oropharyngeal area Relatively fastidious Prefer CO2 enriched atmosphere All have a propensity to cause endocarditis, usually secondary to rotten teeth or recent dental treatment or combination of both. Endocarditis- long interval between first symptoms and dx. Frequent embolisation May be large vegetations on left sided valves. Can all cause non-endocardial infections also.

Haemophilus parainfluenzae H. aphrophilus and H. paraphrophilus have moved Cause endocarditis more commonly than H. influenzae but all endocarditis caused by Haemophilus is rare.

A-Aggregatibacter actinomycetecomitans Common cause of periodontitis Most endocarditis caused by this bacteria have underlying heart disease. Star-shaped colonies

Cardiobacterium hominis In contrast to other members of the group, almost exclusively associated with endocarditis May also be commensal of GI tract Characteristic Gram stain: bulbous ends and irregular staining. May have a rosette pattern. .

Eikenella corrodens Oral commensal. May implicated in bite infections. May cause infections at several different sites within the body. Slightly yellow colonies after a few days Bleach like odour Pit into agar. Beta-lactamase strains are not infrequent.

Eikenella corrodens

Kingella species K. kingae, K dentrificans, K.oralis, K. potus Square ends, uneven decolorisation on Gram stain. May be mildly haemolytic on blood agar Colonise pharynx of many children 6 months to 4 years. Common cause of septic arthritis in this age group. Infections in adults usually in immunocompromised. Injection of aspirate into BC media improves detection rates.

Kingella species

Kingella species

Molecular detection In modern blood culture systems, HACEK organsims grow within 5 days. 16s PCR Most useful for heart valves May also be useful for negative blood cultures where high index of suspicion.