April, 2003IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK Development of an Autonomous, Reliable, High Quality Signature Verification Device Institute of Graphology, Ltd. Hexium Ltd. Budapest Polytechnic, John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics

April, 2003IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK Table of contents Project goals Participants Preliminary results

April, 2003IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK Signature verification – project goals Develop a device prototype device: Capable of verifying signatures of individuals High precision, reliable Compact, autonomous device Can be used to verify both static (“off-line verification”) and dynamic (on-line) signatures

April, 2003IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK Applications Money transfer Other bank operations Bank card purchases, check redemption Criminalistic applications Governmental applications Record office Verifying signatures on contracts Jurisdiction processes Supporting the work of graphology experts

April, 2003IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK Members of the consortium Institute of Graphology, Ltd. (Dr. Tamás Agárdi) Hexium Ltd. (Dr. Tamás Nagy) Budapest Polytechnic John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics (Dr. László Kutor)

April, 2003IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK Institute of Graphology, Ltd. Activities: research, education, consulting Topics: character analysis, vocational guidance, lie detection by graphological means, handwriting analysis, identification Contact information: 1126 Budapest, Böszörményi út Telephone: Tel/Fax: , WWW:

April, 2003IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK Hexium Ltd. Activities: research, development, production (hardware, software) Topics: security, image processing, industrial measurement and process control Contact information: 1134 Budapest, Váci út 51/b Telephone: Telefax: WWW:

April, 2003IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK Activities: Informatics education, research, development Topics: Signal processing, biometrics, classification Contact information: 1034 Budapest Nagyszombat u. 19. Telephone: Telefax: E-mai: WWW: Budapest Polytechnic John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics

April, 2003IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK Project Phases Phase 1: -March, 2002 Preparation, specifications Phase 2: -January 2003 Corpus and algorithm development Phase 3: -March 30, 2003 Hardware, demo Phase 4: -June 30, 2003 Demo test, documentation

April, 2003IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK Preliminary Results Results on dynamic (digitized) signatures Reliable digital signature acquisition Signature analyzing algorithms Signature database

April, 2003IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK Calibrated dynamic signature measurement Linearity Pressure Pen angle

April, 2003IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK Calculated dynamic signature features Measured features:- XY coordinates - pressure - pen angle Calculated features:- signature length data - duration data - time functions Velocity-, pressure-, pen angle functions ttt vp d

April, 2003IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK Personal data Biometric profile Signature database structures Development databaseDecision database Code Static sign. Dynamic sign. Calculated static feaures Calculated dynamic features

April, 2003IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK Preliminary Results Results on static (scanned) signatures Corpus Algorithms

April, 2003IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK Corpus design, corpus properties Goal: Representativeness! 2000 individuals 15 min/person 6 signatures for registration 19 original (varying pen, size of region,..) 6 forgeries/individual (skilled, simple, random) Balanced experiment design ( many factors ) Altogether: 40,000 signatures 15,000 pages 200 GB of disk space (compressed)

April, 2003IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK Automatic processing Processing of forms Processing empty A4 sheets Example

April, 2003IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK Manual Cleaning Clean, large, high quality corpus

April, 2003IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK Development of the Signature Verification Algorithms Generic scheme:

April, 2003IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK Challenges The system must learn with a very limited set of samples (6!).... while rejecting forgeries Solution: Learn a good prior of signatures

April, 2003IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK Results False rejection rate: 5% False acceptance rate (simple forgeries): 0.27% False acceptance rate (skilled forgeries): 18.99% Verification time: <0.5second/signature on a PIII 1GHz Memory requirements: <2MB (50KB/signature)

April, 2003IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK Detection-error tradeoff curves Simple forgeries Skilled forgeries

April, 2003IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK Comparisions MethodFRRFAR-simpleFAR- skilled Sansone&Vento [1] (one of the best published results) 2.04%4.29%19.8% Trained human subjects (recent measurement) 23%n.a.24% (actually on skilled+simple) Our method; version A 5%0.27%18.9% Our method; version B 23%0%4.5% [1] Sansone & Vento: “Signature Verification: Increasing Performance by a Multi-Stage System”, Pattern Analysis & Applications (2000)3:169–181

April, 2003IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK 1126 Budapest, Böszörményi út Telephone: Tel/Fax: , Edit Tóth, project leader WWW: Contact Information