Liquid Sugar Refining Process Ion Exchange Resin Demineralization System JUNE 16, 2011 Organo THAILAND CO.

1.　Introduction Ion exchange resins (IER) have been employed in the sugar refinery process for the purpose of decolorization and demineralization (deashing) of sugar liquor. Compared to the remelting of white sugar, higher decolorization rate and extremely high sugar yield can be obtained by the direct demineralization of clear liquor or fine liquor. Organo has developed an efficient IER system the “SUPER FINE LIQUOR SYSTEM” (A-MB system), which consists of an anion exchange resin tower and a mixed bed tower of anion exchange resin and cation exchange resins. This system has been applied to many sugar refinery factories in Japan and has an excellent reputation for the high quality.　　　　　　

2. Liquid Sugar Products in Japan Sucrose type Liquid Sugar Ion exchange resin refined liquid sugar ・High quality Large scale production (demineralization) Remelt liquid sugar （granulated sugar） ・Quality depends on granulated sugar and water. Small scale production ・Distinct flavor ・Nongenetically modified (compared to isomerized sugar made from cornstarch) Invert Syrup (Hydrolyzed sugar syrup) ・Low cost （Ingredient of sauce） Molasses type Liquid Sugar

3. Refining Process (Japan) A-MB System Remelt Carbonation Filtration Active carbon or Bone char Ion Exchange Resin Decolorization Crystalization Raw Sugar Affination Concentration Deminiralization Sterilization Liquid Sugar B sugar from Australia, Thailand etc. Crystalline Sugar 600～1000 I.U. 60～150 I.U. 20～50 I.U. <10 I.U.

4. Required Quality of Liquid Sugar (Example)

5. Refining Process (Thailand) Affination Sugar cane Remelt Crushing & Extraction Carbonation Carbonation Filtration 300～600 I.U. Filtration Ion Exchange Resin 2 steps 100～300 I.U. Concentration Concentration Crystallization Crystallization ＜ Refined sugar White sugar Brown sugar C sugar B sugar A sugar ～45 I.U. 45～100 I.U. 400～1000 I.U.

6. Liquid Sugar Production Process Present process Affination Proposed process Remelt Carbonation A-MB System Ion Exchange Resin Demineralization Filtration < 20 IU < 1.0mS/cm Ion Exchange Resin 2 steps Concentration Concentration Sterilization Filtration Crystallization Liquid sugar

7. Total Demineralization Process Present process Affination Proposed process Remelt Carbonation A-MB System Filtration Ion Exchange Resin Demineralization Ion Exchange Resin 2 steps < 20 ICUMSA < 1.0mS/cm Concentration Concentration Crystallization Crystallization Refined sugar Brown sugar White sugar ＞

8. Principles of Demineralization Regeneration Clear liquor or Fine liquor NaOH HCl Anion exchange resin Cation exchange resin Liquid sugar （Super fine) NaOH＋NaCl Organic acids NaCO3 Color etc. HCl＋CaCl2 NaCl, KCl　 etc. Adsorption of color, ions, organic acids etc.

9. Conventional Ion Exchange Systems Reverse system（Ａ－Ｋ） Mixed Bed system （ＭＢ） Anion exchange tower Cation exchange tower Mixed bed tower ・High total throughput ・Low quality ・High quality ・Low total throughput

10. A-MB System ・High quality ・High total throughput Anion exchange tower Mixed bed tower

11. Comparison of Ion Exchange Systems 最後に各システムに通液した例を示します。 ファインリカーを記載の条件で通液した時の処理液色価を測定した結果です。 グラフの横軸は全樹脂量に対する通液倍量、縦軸は色価を示しています。 A-Kシステムではブレイクスルーまでの処理量（収量）は大きいですが色価は初期から高くなっています。 MBシステムでは色価は低いですが、ブレイクスルーまでの処理量が小さくなっています。 A-MBシステムは色価が低く、かつ処理量が大きくなっています。 ここには記載していませんが、処理液導電率（灰分）も色価同様の結果であります。 Graph 1 Outlet color analysis of conventional systems and A-MB system Conditions: 50℃, Flow rate 4 L/L-SBAER・h Feed: Fine Liquor　(Brix 50%, EC 98 mS/cm, pH 7.3, 71 I.U.)

12. Column Test Results (Thailand) Factory A Factory B Factory C Factory D System Softening-A-MB A-MB Clear Liquor (Feed) Color (I.U.) 854 450～600 380 580 Conductivity (mS/cm) 137 80～100 33 100 Super fine (Outlet) 3～15 3～10 2～7 10～20 0.3～1.0 0.5～1.5 0.2～0.5 0.2～0.8

13. Column Test Results (Example １) Feed Analysis　（Clear liquor) 　Brix 55% 　pH 7.8 　Conductivity 90 mS/cm 　Color Value 600 ICUMSA Unit

14. Column Test Results (Example 2) Feed Analysis　（Clear liquor) 　Brix 54% 　pH 8.2 　Conductivity 137 mS/cm 　Color Value 854 ICUMSA Unit

15. Column Test Results (Example 3) Feed Analysis　（Fine liquor) 　Brix 60% 　pH 7.2 　Conductivity 60 mS/cm 　Color Value 145 ICUMSA Unit Fine liquor Column outlet