Plate Tectonics A geological theory that states that pieces of Earth’s crust are in constant, slow motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle.

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Presentation transcript:

Plate Tectonics A geological theory that states that pieces of Earth’s crust are in constant, slow motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle The plates of the lithosphere float on the top of the asthenosphere Convection currents rise in the asthenosphere and spread out beneath the lithosphere Geologists believe this causes plate movement Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Convection Currents: The movement of a fluid, caused by differences in temperature, that transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Plates are a section of the lithosphere that slowly moves, carrying pieces of continental and oceanic crust As plates move, they collide, pull apart, or grind past each other producing spectacular changes in the earth’s surface. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Crust is neither created nor destroyed Transform Boundary A plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions Crust is neither created nor destroyed Fault lines are usually created in which earthquakes happen Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Figure 1-13 Transform Motion Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Geology at a Glance Plate Boundaries (cont'd) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Convergent Boundaries A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other Collisions can occur between: oceanic crust and oceanic crust (subduction) deep ocean trenches oceanic crust and continental crust volcanic eruptions continental crust and continental crust mountain ranges Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Geology at a Glance Plate Boundaries (cont'd) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Figure 1-12a Continental Collision Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Figure 1-12b Continental Collision (cont'd) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Figure 1-11 Plate Subduction Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other Divergent Boundaries A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other Most divergent boundaries occur at the mid-ocean ridge Divergent boundaries that occur on land are called rift valleys Ocean Basins are usually the result of this type of movement Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Geology at a Glance Plate Boundaries (cont’d) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Transform Convergent Divergent Summary of Boundaries Plates slip past each other (grind) Convergent Plates come together (collide) Divergent Plates move apart (pull apart) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Geology at a Glance Plate Boundaries

Major Plates Six major plates: Eurasian African Indo-Australian Pacific North American South American Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.