Using Moles to Count Atoms

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Presentation transcript:

Using Moles to Count Atoms

Because chemists often deal with large numbers of small particles, they use a large counting unit—the abbreviated mol. Mole -the SI base unit used to measure the amount of a substance whose number of particles is the same as the number of atoms of carbon in 12 g of carbon-12 (video 1)

A mole is a collection of a very large number of particles About 602 213 670 000 000 000 000 000! This number is usually written as 6.022x1023/mol and is referred to as AVOGADRO’S CONSTANT

The constant is named in honor of the Italian scientist Amedeo Avogadro. Avogadro’s constant is defined as the number of particles, 6.022 x1023, in exactly 1 mol of a pure substance. One mole of gumballs is 6.022 x1023 gumballs. One mole of popcorn is 6.022 x1023 kernels of popcorn

Avogadro’s constant equals 6 Avogadro’s constant equals 6.022 1023/mol; the number of particles in 1 mol (video 2) You might wonder why 6.022 1023 represents the number of particles in 1 mol. The mole has been defined as the number of atoms in 12.00 grams of carbon-12. Experiments have shown that 6.022 x1023 is the number of carbon-12 atoms in 12.00 g of carbon-12.

One mole of carbon consists of 6 One mole of carbon consists of 6.022 x1023 carbon atoms, with an average atomic mass of 12.01 amu. An ATOMIC MASS UNIT (AMU)- is unit of mass that describes the mass of an atom or molecule, is equal to one twelfth of the mass of carbon-12 atom (C12) Moles and grams are related. The mass in grams of 1 mol of a substance is called its MOLAR MASS

molar mass the mass in grams of 1 mol of a substance (video 4) Because the amount of a substance and its mass are related, it is often useful to convert moles to grams, and vice versa. You can use conversion factors to relate units. (video 5)

Ex: The shopkeeper knows that exactly 10 gumballs have a combined mass of 21.4 g. This relationship can be written as two equivalent conversion factors, both of which are shown below 10 gumballs/21.4g 21.4g/ 10 gumballs

There is a relationship between the amount of an element in moles and its mass in grams. This relationship is graphed for iron nails Because the amount of iron and the mass of iron are directly related, the graph is a straight line.

Ex: Determine the mass in grams of 5. 50 mol of iron Ex: Determine the mass in grams of 5.50 mol of iron. ( molar mass of Fe = 55.85 g/mol Fe)

Ex: What is the mass in grams of 2 Ex: What is the mass in grams of 2.50 mol of sulfur, S ( molar mass of S= ________ )

Ex: Determine the amount of iron present in 352g of iron Ex: Determine the amount of iron present in 352g of iron. (molar mass of iron= _______ )