Expansion in Latin America Chapter 11 Section 3 Expansion in Latin America

Review Cuban poet Jose Marti was one of many activists ________ from Cuba to Spain not once but twice for fighting for Cuban independence Who published tales of Spanish atrocities in Cuba in an effort to inflame American war sentiments? What was the rallying cry of the Spanish American War? Spain ceded Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Pacific island of Guam to who? What did they become when the U.S. gained overseas territory?

Governing Cuba and Puerto Rico President McKinley appointed General Leonard Wood as governor of Cuba where he oversaw the drafting of a new constitution In exchange for the removal of U.S. troops in Cuba, Congress required Cuba to add the Platt Amendment to their constitution. The amendment limited Cuba’s freedom to make treaties with other countries and it required Cuba to sell or lease land to the U.S. for naval and fueling stations The Platt Amendment also made Cuba a U.S. protectorate, meaning that the U.S. promised to protect them from other nations but reserved the right to intervene in Cuba’s affairs

General Leonard Wood

Continued… Policy in Puerto Rico went another route The U.S. ruled the island like a territory The Foraker Act of 1900 established that Puerto Rico’s governor and upper house of the legislature would be appointed by the U.S. Puerto Rico could appoint is lower house The Jones Act of 1917 granted Puerto Ricans U.S. citizenship and gave them the right to elect both houses of their legislature In 1952 Puerto Rico became a self governing commonwealth of the United States

The Panama Canal Having interests in both the Caribbean and the Pacific the U.S. wanted to cut travel time A French company began building the Panama Canal across the Isthmus of Panama after less than 10 years and the loss of 20,000 lives and more than $280 million the effort was abandoned The progress was further delayed by a revolution by Panama against the Colombian government Helping Panama was {Philippe Bunau-Varilla who was the engineer in charge of building the canal through Panama for the French}

Building the Panama Canal

Continued…. The victorious rebels quickly set up a new government and declared Panama a independent nation The U.S. began negotiating a new canal treaty with Bunau-Varilla they came up with the {Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty that gave the U.S. control of the Panama Canal Zone} Work began again on the canal in 1904 but harsh working conditions, labor shortages and disease yet again delayed construction Finally President Roosevelt appointed a new engineer and an army doctor to improve conditions {On August 15th 1914, after nine years, the Panama Canal was completed }

Panama Canal Now

Relations with Latin America In 1823 the Monroe Doctorate cast the U.S. as protector of the Western Hemisphere but everyone kind of ignored it until the Spanish- American War In 1904 {President Roosevelt made it clear that he intended to enforce the Monroe Doctorate, what he meant by that was that he would use U.S. forces to protect American interests in the Western Hemisphere} The Dominican Republic was unable to repay its European leaders. Fearing Europeans would use force to collect the loans Roosevelt issued the Roosevelt Corollary pledging to use armed forces to prevent any European country from seizing the Dominican Republic.

Continued… To satisfy the Europeans the U.S. took control of collecting all the Dominican customs duties After that civil unrest shook the Dominican Republic, and the U.S. government sent in marines The marines stayed there from 1916 to 1924 Despite protests, U.S. intervention in Latin America continued When Taft took over for Roosevelt he came up with a {policy called dollar diplomacy, it replaced European loans with U.S. loans in Latin America}

Dominican Republic

Review Spain ceded Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Pacific island of Guam to who? What did they become when the U.S. gained overseas territory? Philippe Bunau-Varilla who was the engineer in charge of What? Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty that gave the U.S. control of What?