Intellectual Property Rights H e l p d e s k Intellectual Property and the IPR-Helpdesk A presentation by Mónica Miñana

IPR are necessary because... I n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y L E G A L T E A M It is impossible to protect intellectual creations by the mere Once an intellectual creation is made available to the public,the creator can no longer exercise control over his creation possession of an object Why IPR?

I n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y L E G A L T E A M IPR are meant to balance Rewarding creators and inventors for innovation Promoting access to science, technology and culture, for business and the general public 2 2 objectives Why IPR?

I n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y L E G A L T E A M IPR are legal rights which protect Results of intellectual activity and creations of the mind In the industrial, scientific, literary and artistic fields What is IPR?

Applying for protection or keeping secrecy? I n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y L E G A L T E A M Keeping Secret Competitors do not get know-how Applying for Protection Once published no protection possible No protection costs Competitors can develop the same idea and protect it (Claim of pre-use possible) Publication after several months Not necessary to keep secret Competitors cannot have an exclusive right for the same development

I n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y L E G A L T E A M NO LIMITATIONS on the type of development NO SUBSTANTIVE REQUIREMENTS no novelty nor inventiveness criteria NO FORMAL REQUIREMENTS Produces rights upon conception INDEFINITE TERM OF PROTECTION LOSS OF EXCLUSIVITY WEAK SANCTIONS AGAINST THEFT when information passes into public domain Trade secrets

I n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y IPR Strategy How can I keep the costs down ? Which IPR shall I choose ? How can I get a broader protection ? How can I get protection for a follow up of my ideas ? L E G A L T E A M

I n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y L E G A L T E A M IPR Strategy Patents Trade Marks Utility Models Industrial Designs Copyright Technical inventions Marks for products, services Designs Creative works New Inventive step Industrial application 2D or 3D pictures, words, names, colours or sounds (Protectable subject matter can be restricted) Shape Literary, graphic or musical works, software, databases Duration: 20 years Duration: ±10 years (variable in the EU) Duration: 10 years indefinitely renewable Duration: 5 renewable to up to 25 years (according to Directive 98/71 on the protection of designs-transposition mandatory by Oct 2001) Duration: Author’s lifetime + 70 years Instruments: -National patents -Euro-patent application -PCT applications Instruments: -National Utility Models (not available in all EU) Instruments: -National TM -Community TM (OHIM) -International registration Instruments: -National Industrial Designs -International deposit of Industrial Designs Competent authorities: -National Patent Offices -EPO -WIPO Competent authorities: -National Patent Offices Competent authorities: -National TM Offices -WIPO -OHIM Competent authorities: -National Offices -WIPO -OHIM No registration (the protection arises from the mere fact of the creation)

I n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y L E G A L T E A M 20 years from date of filing (5 years extension for pharmaceutical) 20 years from date of filing (5 years extension for pharmaceutical) Exploitation rights Right to prohibit others to make, use, sell patented inventions Exploitation rights Right to prohibit others to make, use, sell patented inventions Registration Technical Inventions Term of protection Scope of protection Formal protectability requirements Substantive protectability requirements Novelty Inventive step Industrial application Novelty Inventive step Industrial application Subject matter patent IP means of protection: patent

Patent legal sources I n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y L E G A L T E A M Paris Convention for the protection of industrial property (1883) National legislation + PCT Patent Co-operation Treaty (Washington, 1970) EPC European Patent Convention (Munich, 1973)

I n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y Presentation of the EPO L E G A L T E A M European Patent Office Established in 1977 Headquarters in Munich Branch in The Hague Sub-offices in Berlin and Vienna Around 3,800 staff applications in patents granted in patents granted since 1977 EPC Member Countries Bilateral agreements concluded with :

I n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y EU Patent System L E G A L T E A M Legal basis Procedure language Countries covered EPC 1973 Bilateral agreements concluded with :

I n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y Major Procedure Phase in Patent Offices Filing Search L E G A L T E A M Publication Withdrawal Request for examination Substantive examination Examination report Refusal (decision may be appealed) Announcement of grant Withdrawal Publication of patent Opposition Revocation (decision may be appealed) Maintenance (decision may be appealed) EPO

I n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y Cost of an average European Patent* L E G A L T E A M EPO fees Translation in the contracting states Filing phase € 800 Examination phase.. € Grant phase € ± € ± € % 39% Professional representation National renewal fees before the EPO ± € ± € % 18% ± € * 8 States, 10-year term

I n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y Community Patent L E G A L T E A M The Luxembourg Convention was concluded in 1975 Towards a single unitary and autonomous Patent effective throughout the territory of the EU (Modified in 1989) Never ratified mainly because of compulsory translation in 11 languages that would be needed

I n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y Community Patent L E G A L T E A M Differences between... O nly 1 patent As many patents as designated countries European Patent Community Patent Governed by National Laws Governed by Community Laws Selective designation of countries Effective in all the EU territory

IP means of protection: utility model I n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y L E G A L T E A M Variable in the EU ±10 years (shorter than patent) Variable in the EU ±10 years (shorter than patent) Exploitation rights Right to prohibit others from making, using, selling... Exploitation rights Right to prohibit others from making, using, selling... Registration “small” inventions Term of protection Scope of protection Formal protectability requirements Substantive protectability requirements Novelty Certain inventive effort Technical utilitary function Novelty Certain inventive effort Technical utilitary function Subject matter model utility

I n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y L E G A L T E A M IP means of protection: utility model National protection Harmonisation at EU level COM(1999) 309 final: Amended proposal for a European Parliament and Council Directive approximating the legal arrangements for the protection of inventions by utility models (25 June 99) COM(1997) 691 final: Proposal for a Directive approximating the legal arrangements for the protection of inventions by utility models (16 December 1997) National Utility Models ( not available in all EU) (Protectable subject matter can be restricted)

I n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y L E G A L T E A M 10 years renewable indefinitely 10 years renewable indefinitely Exploitation rights Right to prohibit others from using identical signs for identical goods or services Exploitation rights Right to prohibit others from using identical signs for identical goods or services Use+ registration signs Term of protection Scope of protection Formal protectability requirements Substantive protectability requirements Distinctiveness Novelty Distinctiveness Novelty Subject matter mark trade IP means of protection : trade marks

I n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y L E G A L T E A M IP means of protection : trade marks National TM (National TM Offices) Community TM (OHIM Office for Harmonisation in the Internal Market - Alicante) Community TM (OHIM Office for Harmonisation in the Internal Market - Alicante) International registration under Madrid Convention and Protocol (World Intellectual Property Organisation) International registration under Madrid Convention and Protocol (World Intellectual Property Organisation)

I n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y L E G A L T E A M IP means of protection : trade marks Community TM (OHIM Office for Harmonisation in the Internal Market - Alicante) Council Regulation (EC) No 40/94 of 20 December 1993 on the Community trade mark Commission Regulation (EC) No 2868/95 of 13 December 1995 implementing Council Regulation (EC) No 40/94 on the Community trade mark Council Regulation (EC) No 40/94 of 20 December 1993 on the Community trade mark Commission Regulation (EC) No 2868/95 of 13 December 1995 implementing Council Regulation (EC) No 40/94 on the Community trade mark Legal basis Harmonisation at EU level First directive 89/104/ECC of the Council, of 21 December 1988, to approximate the laws of the Member States relating to trade marks

IP means of protection: design + model I n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y L E G A L T E A M 5 years- renewable to up to 25 years 5 years- renewable to up to 25 years Exploitation rights Right to prohibit others from making or selling an article bearing substantial copy of the design Exploitation rights Right to prohibit others from making or selling an article bearing substantial copy of the design Registration ornamental and non functional feature or shape of an industrial article Term of protection Scope of protection Formal protectability requirements Substantive protectability requirements Novelty (originality) Design not dictated by technical or functional considerations Novelty (originality) Design not dictated by technical or functional considerations Subject matter model design + +

I n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y L E G A L T E A M IP means of protection: design + model National protection International registration under the Hague Agreement (World Intellectual Property Organisation) International registration under the Hague Agreement (World Intellectual Property Organisation) Duality of protection: design/model + copyright at - national level and - international level (Bern and Geneva conventions). Duality of protection: design/model + copyright at - national level and - international level (Bern and Geneva conventions).

I n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y L E G A L T E A M IP means of protection: design + model Community Design (OHIM Office for Harmonisation in the Internal Market - Alicante) Community Design (OHIM Office for Harmonisation in the Internal Market - Alicante) COM(1999) 310 final: Amended proposal for a Council Regulation on the European Community Design (21 June 99) COM(1993) 342 final: Proposal for a European Parliament and Council Regulation on Community Design Harmonisation at EU level Directive 98/71/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 1998 on the legal protection of designs

IP means of protection: copyright I n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y L E G A L T E A M Author’s lifetime+ 70 years Exploitation rights Reproduction and performing rights Moral right Exploitation rights Reproduction and performing rights Moral right No registration form of expression of creation in the literary and artistic domain, software, databases,etc. form of expression of creation in the literary and artistic domain, software, databases,etc. Term of protection Scope of protection Formal protectability requirements Substantive protectability requirements Form creation Originality Form creation Originality Subject matter copyright

Copyright legal sources I n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y L E G A L T E A M Bern Convention for the protection of literary and artistic works (1886) Community Directives Protection of Computer Programs (Directive 91/250/EEC) Rental and lending (Directive 92/100/EEC) Television without frontiers (Directive 89/552/EEC) Cable and satellite (Directive 93/83/EEC) Term of protection (Directive 93/98/EEC) Protection of databases (Directive 96/9/EC) Protection of Computer Programs (Directive 91/250/EEC) Rental and lending (Directive 92/100/EEC) Television without frontiers (Directive 89/552/EEC) Cable and satellite (Directive 93/83/EEC) Term of protection (Directive 93/98/EEC) Protection of databases (Directive 96/9/EC) National legislation 6 +

Combined protection I n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y Aesthetic aspects of the telephone Industrial designs Operating software integrated interfaces, games, etc. copyright Layout-design of electronic circuits topography of integrated circuits Innovative antenna, keyboard or battery, etc. patents utility models Brand name of the manufacturer and of the product, logos, etc. trade marks L E G A L T E A M

I n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y L E G A L T E A M Exploitation of IPRs: different goals Exploitation of IPRs Defending against competitors Creation of prior art Litigation, etc. Transfer of technology: sale, licence and know-how contracts

I n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y L E G A L T E A M Transfer of technology (different legal methods*) Exploitation of IPRs Sale License Sale by the patent owner (‘assignor’) Of all the exclusive rights to a patented invention Purchase by another person (‘assignee’) of those rights *explanation limited to patents (for reasons of simplicity) Legal act giving by the patent owner (‘licensor’) Permission to perform one or more acts which are covered by the exclusive rights (for a limited territory, for a limited period of time, sometimes restricted to a specific use, etc.) To another person (‘licensee’)

I n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y L E G A L T E A M Licence remuneration Exploitation of IPRs Types of IP licenses Royalties Lump-sum + royalties Dividend, etc. Patent, trade mark, copyright, etc. Exclusive, non-exclusive licences Lump-sum payment