management---> what do we do? (aims, means, strategy, actions, results…) governance ---> who decides what we do? ( authority, responsibility & accountability…) ( authority, responsibility & accountability…)

all types are legitimate and important for conservation! …who holds PA management authority and responsibility and is held accountable for decisions about a given protected area? …who holds PA management authority and responsibility and is held accountable for decisions about a given protected area? 4 main governance types identified in preparation for Durban WPC : A. the government (and its agencies) B. various parties (together) C. the owners of the concerned land and natural resources D. the concerned indigenous peoples and local communities

Governance type Category (management objective) A. Government Managed Protected Areas B. Co-managed Protected Areas (shared governance) C. Private Protected Areas D. Community Conserved Areas Federal or national ministry or agency in charge Local/ municipal ministry or agency in change Governme nt- delegated manageme nt (e.g. to an NGO) Trans- boundary managemen t Collaborat ive manageme nt (various forms of pluralist influence) Joint management (pluralist management board) Declared and run by individual land- owner …by non- profit organisati ons (e.g. NGOs, universitie s, etc.) …by for profit organisa tions (e.g. corporat e land- owners ) Declared and run by Indigenou s Peoples Declared and run by Local Communities I - Strict Nature Reserve/ Wilderness Area II – National Park (ecosystem protection; protection of cultural values) III – Natural Monument IV – Habitat/ Species Management V – Protected Landscape/ Seascape VI – Managed Resource classification of protected areas by IUCN category and governance type

Our group was very broad (about 15 nationalities…). It examined the merits and problems of the matrix and outlined a way forwards towards the 4° WCC in Barcelona… Our group was very broad (about 15 nationalities…). It examined the merits and problems of the matrix and outlined a way forwards towards the 4° WCC in Barcelona…

Highlights the role of governance versus management Highlights the role of governance versus management Gets rid of some stereoptypes (PAs concern only govs. & scientists)... New culture of conservation Gets rid of some stereoptypes (PAs concern only govs. & scientists)... New culture of conservation Allows to see and recognize the conservation contribution of landowners and communities Allows to see and recognize the conservation contribution of landowners and communities Allows to see beyond the island PA Allows to see beyond the island PA Can combine with categories to describe mosaics of protection in the landscape/ seascape... Can combine with categories to describe mosaics of protection in the landscape/ seascape... Most useful for developing PA systems Most useful for developing PA systems The recognition by the IUCN can promote action at national level... The recognition by the IUCN can promote action at national level... & governments legitimise different conservation actors in PA system planning.... & governments legitimise different conservation actors in PA system planning.... Can be used as a descriptive, communication, strategic or even compelling tool... Can be used as a descriptive, communication, strategic or even compelling tool... merits

problems/ questions Possible confusion between ownership and statutory powers, de jure and de facto situations, mixed/ partial protection… Using the categories is already messy, governance adds another layer of complexity Not all governance types may be equally good for a given IUCN category or situation Needs to be incorporated in national legal schemes... delicate moment of recognition Needs to be incorporated in national legal schemes... delicate moment of recognition of existing governance types (new rules to be applied)… risk of getting governments off the hooks? How to inlcude requirement of permanence? How to accommodate for zones of different gov. type?

The tool can be further discussed, clarified and refined with the participation of a large variety of actors– in particular governmental actors (prevalence of authority; public/ private ownership; effectiveness of different gov. types for a given category...) The tool can be further discussed, clarified and refined with the participation of a large variety of actors– in particular governmental actors (prevalence of authority; public/ private ownership; effectiveness of different gov. types for a given category...) Further cases to be examined in depth (military bases, etc.) Further cases to be examined in depth (military bases, etc.) For each box in the matrix, examples and guidance can be provided (e.g. model agreements, legal frameworks e.g. easements for PPAs...) For each box in the matrix, examples and guidance can be provided (e.g. model agreements, legal frameworks e.g. easements for PPAs...) way forward Several groups will work and draw lessons (TILCEPA; TGER; Task Force on PA Law and Policy; TF Private PAs... under the umbrella of the TF on Categories) and contribute to the new Categories Guidelines for the WCC in Barcelona Several groups will work and draw lessons (TILCEPA; TGER; Task Force on PA Law and Policy; TF Private PAs... under the umbrella of the TF on Categories) and contribute to the new Categories Guidelines for the WCC in Barcelona