Introduction to Human Anatomy Sanjaya Adikari Department of Anatomy
Why do you need to study anatomy? A doctor should be able to localize symptoms and signs Pains Lumps/bumps Withdrawing of blood & giving injections Basic medical procedures
Why do you need to study anatomy? Surgeons need to know what they cut Where to cut How to find the structures/organs Relationship of stuctures/organs Normal variations
Subsections in the study of Anatomy Dissections/Macroscopic structure Histology/Microscopic structure Embryology Genetics
Dissection is done in regions Head and neck (with Nervous control M) Thorax (with Res. Gas exch. M, Blood & Circula M) Abdomen (with Alimentation M) Pelvis & Perineum (with Excretion & Reproduc M) Limbs (with Locomotion M)
Anatomical Terms
Anatomical Position
Anterior = Ventral Posterior = Dorsal Superior = Cephalic Inferior = Caudal Left and Right Medial and Lateral
Anatomical planes Para saggital/ Para median
A B ‘A’ is lateral to ‘B’ ‘B’ is medial to ‘A’
Superior/ cephalic Inferior/ caudal
A B ‘A’ is proximal to ‘B’ ‘B’ is distal to ‘A’ A B
Pre-axial border Post-axial border
Abduction Adduction
Flexion Extension Flexion Extension Movement that carries the limb anteriorly and bends it Extension Movement that carries the limb posteriorly and straightens it
Flexion Extension
Circumduction Rotation
Superficial Deep Closer to the skin/out side Away from the skin/out side
Books Recommended Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy McMinn’s colour atlas of Human Anatomy Grant’s Dissector Wheater’s Functional Histology by B Young and J.W. Heath or Textbook of Human Histology with Colour Atlas and Practical Guide by Inderbir Singh
Books Recommended LAST’S ANATOMY REGIONAL AND APPLIED Gray’s Anatomy for students Textbook of Anatomy by Inderbir Singh Clinically oriented Anatomy, By Keith L. Moore Human Embryology by Prof. Malkanthi S. Chandrasekera
List of things to be brought by you on the day of introduction to dissections Scalpel blade and handle – 4 sets per group Non toothed-forceps with a broad tip – 4 per group Toothed-forceps with a broad tip – 4 per group Pare of scissors (curved) - 2 per group Cotton wool - 400 g packet Gauze bandage - 06 per group Two pairs of socks One sponge (about 2 x 3 x 5 inches) to apply body fluid A grey clothe 60 inches wide and 2 ½ meters long Grant’s Dissector and a Lab coat
Instruments Scalpel blade (No 22) Scalpel handle (No. 4)
Instruments
Instruments Gold-handled, curved fine-tipped Scissors 5-6 inch Forceps
Approach to the human bodies Scissors Forceps
Approach to the human bodies Scissors Forceps
Approach to the human bodies Scissors Forceps
Approach to the human bodies Scissors Forceps
Communication with staff Talk during practical classes Meet us personally in the office ‘Comments box’ next to the Anatomy notice board (of the ground floor) Email: Our: headanatomy@pdn.ac.lk adikarisb@yahoo.com Your: m1001@med.pdn.ac.lk Batch Stu. No.
Exams Semester Exams – 4 No separate merit exam SAQ (40%), MCQ (30%), OSPE (30%) Each OSPE item will have equal weightage No separate merit exam Marks from the 4 semester exams will decide ‘Distinctions in Anatomy’