Introduction to Human Anatomy

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction to Human Anatomy Sanjaya Adikari Department of Anatomy

Why do you need to study anatomy? A doctor should be able to localize symptoms and signs Pains Lumps/bumps Withdrawing of blood & giving injections Basic medical procedures

Why do you need to study anatomy? Surgeons need to know what they cut Where to cut How to find the structures/organs Relationship of stuctures/organs Normal variations

Subsections in the study of Anatomy Dissections/Macroscopic structure Histology/Microscopic structure Embryology Genetics

Dissection is done in regions Head and neck (with Nervous control M) Thorax (with Res. Gas exch. M, Blood & Circula M) Abdomen (with Alimentation M) Pelvis & Perineum (with Excretion & Reproduc M) Limbs (with Locomotion M)

Anatomical Terms

Anatomical Position

Anterior = Ventral Posterior = Dorsal Superior = Cephalic Inferior = Caudal Left and Right Medial and Lateral

Anatomical planes Para saggital/ Para median

A B ‘A’ is lateral to ‘B’ ‘B’ is medial to ‘A’

Superior/ cephalic Inferior/ caudal

A B ‘A’ is proximal to ‘B’ ‘B’ is distal to ‘A’ A B

Pre-axial border Post-axial border

Abduction Adduction

Flexion Extension Flexion Extension Movement that carries the limb anteriorly and bends it Extension Movement that carries the limb posteriorly and straightens it

Flexion Extension

Circumduction Rotation

Superficial Deep Closer to the skin/out side Away from the skin/out side

Books Recommended Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy McMinn’s colour atlas of Human Anatomy Grant’s Dissector Wheater’s Functional Histology by B Young and J.W. Heath or Textbook of Human Histology with Colour Atlas and Practical Guide by Inderbir Singh

Books Recommended LAST’S ANATOMY REGIONAL AND APPLIED Gray’s Anatomy for students Textbook of Anatomy by Inderbir Singh Clinically oriented Anatomy, By Keith L. Moore Human Embryology by Prof. Malkanthi S. Chandrasekera

List of things to be brought by you on the day of introduction to dissections Scalpel blade and handle – 4 sets per group Non toothed-forceps with a broad tip – 4 per group Toothed-forceps with a broad tip – 4 per group Pare of scissors (curved) - 2 per group Cotton wool - 400 g packet Gauze bandage - 06 per group Two pairs of socks One sponge (about 2 x 3 x 5 inches) to apply body fluid A grey clothe 60 inches wide and 2 ½ meters long Grant’s Dissector and a Lab coat

Instruments Scalpel blade (No 22) Scalpel handle (No. 4)

Instruments

Instruments Gold-handled, curved fine-tipped Scissors 5-6 inch Forceps

Approach to the human bodies Scissors Forceps

Approach to the human bodies Scissors Forceps

Approach to the human bodies Scissors Forceps

Approach to the human bodies Scissors Forceps

Communication with staff Talk during practical classes Meet us personally in the office ‘Comments box’ next to the Anatomy notice board (of the ground floor) Email: Our: headanatomy@pdn.ac.lk adikarisb@yahoo.com Your: m1001@med.pdn.ac.lk Batch Stu. No.

Exams Semester Exams – 4 No separate merit exam SAQ (40%), MCQ (30%), OSPE (30%) Each OSPE item will have equal weightage No separate merit exam Marks from the 4 semester exams will decide ‘Distinctions in Anatomy’