Chapter 1 Section 1 Early Humans

I. Before History (19-25) A. Prehistory- the time period before people wrote down records. We know about prehistory from archeological and biological information

B. Archaeology- the study of past societies by studying what they left behind (tools, weapons, artwork)

C. Artifacts- Things left behind by past societies

Anthropology- The study of past CULTURE through artifacts and human remains (fossils)

E. Radiocarbon dating can measure the age of artifacts up to 50,000 years old

II. Early Stages of Development A. Australopithecines- (“southern apes”) were the earliest human like beings discovered 1. They were the first to make stone tools Hominids- creatures that walk upright

B. Homo erectus- lived about 1 B. Homo erectus- lived about 1.5 million years ago, made more tools and could migrate to colder climates because they could make fire (upright man)

C. Homo Sapiens- lived about 250,000 years ago (smart man)

D. Homo sapiens sapiens- lived in Africa about 150,000 years ago, the first group to look like us

III. The Hunter Gatherers of the Old Stone Age A. Paleolitic Age- (Old Stone Age)- the earliest period of human history (2,500,000 - 10,000 B.C.) 1. Paleolitic people hunted animals and gathered nuts, berries, fruits and wild grains 2. Nomads- people who move from place to place to follow vegitation cycles and animal migration

B. Men hunted with spears, bows, arrows, harpoons, and fish hooks C. women gathered food and stayed close to camp becasuse of raising and bearing children

D. Men and women were equal because they were both needed to find food E. Technology- what is made to stay alive and control the environment

F. Shelters were in caves and wood frames covered in hides G. Fire was important for warmth, cooking and scaring away animals

H. Art was produced on the walls of caves 1. Images were mostly of animals 2. Largest discovery of Paleolithic art was found in Lascaux, France