Managing Data, Information Knowledge, & Action Business isn’t complicated. The complications arise when people are cut off from information they need. John F. Welch, CEO of GE

1. Myths More data is better. Information is a commodity Information is knowledge.

2. D-I-K-A Model Concepts Data = Representations of reality Info. = Data which provides relevant clues or news Knowledge = The framework or schema for organizing the relationships between pieces of information. Action = The deeds or decisions made based on knowledge

DIKA cont. Relationships Skills Data gathering Information managing Knowledge managing Action

Historical Example

3. Variations on the model D-I-K loop K-A loop I-A loop Others

4. Managing the D-I Relationship Like a watch Timely Accurate Relevant Determine what employees really need to know Increase efficiency of transmission JITI PEI Pay attention to the form of info.

D-I cont. Be wary of comm. chains Generate both soft & hard data Recognize & manage all the information networks

5. Managing the I-K Relationship Consider the source’s credibility Be aware of how the hierarchy affects the flow & availability of information Acknowledge what you don’t know Create & test models and theories Organize the same info. Differently Structure informal networks

6. Managing the K-A relationship 50% of org. decisions never get fully implemented Create strategic knowledge-sharing communities Reevaluate the role of reports Speed up the transformation process DIK is perishable People hedge their bets People make good decisions without perfect information

7. Applying the D-I-K-A Model