NSO

 Ninth in a series at five-year intervals since 1968  Provides information on fertility, family planning, health and nutrition of children and mothers  All women 15 to 49 years of age  USAID provided funding assistance for preparatory activities and equipment  Macro International Inc. (ICF Macro) provided technical assistance

 held to obtain comments and suggestions on data items for consideration in the survey.  Attended by representatives/consultants of government agencies and organizations

 Dr. Mercedes B. Concepcion (National Academy of Science and Technology)  United States Agency for International Development (USAID)  ICF Macro  National Statistics Office (NSO)  Department of Health (DOH)  National Commission on the Role of Filipino Women (NCRFW), now PCW  National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB)

 Commission on Population (PopCom)  University of the Philippines Population Institute (UPPI)  National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA)  Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI)  Philippine Legislators Committee on Population Development (PLCPD)

 National Statistics Office (NSO)  Department of Health (DOH)  Commission on Population (PopCom)  National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA)  Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth)  National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB)

 University of the Philippines Population Institute (UPPI)  UP School of Economics – Health Policy Development Program  National Institutes of Health (NIH)  Macro International

 National Commission on the Role of Filipino Women (NCRFW)  Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)  National Statistics Office (NSO)  National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB)  National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA)  Macro International

 Hesitance to include VAW module because of sensitivity of questions - NSO conducted pretest on VAW questions and found that respondents were willing to answer  Action to take if respondent needs/asks for help - DSWD and NCRFW were consulted and provided a list of VAW hotlines

Violence - the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment or deprivation.

The Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004  Violence against women refers to any act or a series of acts committed by any person against a woman who is his wife, former wife, or against a woman with whom the person has or had a sexual or dating relationship…

The Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004  Violence against women is not limited to physical harm, but extends to emotional and psychological injuries and also addresses discrimination in work places. A significant feature of the act is the involvement of the citizenry in addressing domestic violence.

 Physical  Sexual  Emotional  Economic  Neglect or deprivation

Women’s Safety Module - interpersonal violence (violence by spouse/partner, boyfriend, by family members or unrelated individuals) - acts of physical, sexual and emotional violence

NDHS Form 3 – Women’s Safety Module  Measures of Violence  Women’s experience of violence since age 15 and recent violence in the 12 months preceding the survey.  Violence during pregnancy  Marital control  Inter-spousal violence  Experience of forced sex at sexual initiation.  Help-seeking behavior by women who have experienced violence.

 Questionnaires were translated to six major local languages: Tagalog Ilocano Bicolano Waray Hiligaynon Cebuano

 Standard ICF Macro VAW Questionnaire  DHS5_Module_Domestic_Violence.pdf DHS5_Module_Domestic_Violence.pdf  VAW Questionnaire used in the 2008 Philippines National Demographic and Health Survey  WSMODULE_english.pdf WSMODULE_english.pdf  WSMODULE_englishmain.pdf WSMODULE_englishmain.pdf  WSMODULE_english12.pdf WSMODULE_english12.pdf

Spousal violence or intimate partner violence: Measured in more detail than violence by other perpetrators using greatly shortened and modified Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS)

Challenges:  What constitutes violence or abuse varies across cultures and individuals  Culture of silence surrounds domestic violence that can affect reporting

Challenges:  Sensitivity of topic, concern for safety of respondents and interviewers, protection of women disclosing violence

Challenge: What constitutes violence or abuse varies across cultures and individuals Response: Ask specific acts of violence Advantages: Not being affected by different understanding of what constitutes violence, gives respondents multiple opportunities to disclose, allows assessment of severity of violence

Physical Violence Questions - Does/Did your (last) husband/ partner/boyfriend ever do any of the following to you: a) Push you, shake you, or throw something at you? b) Slap you? c) Twist your arm or pull your hair?

 Physical Violence Questions - d) Punch or hit you with something that could hurt you? e) Kick you, drag you, or beat you up? f) Try to choke you or burn you on purpose? g) Threaten or attack you with a knife, gun, or any other weapon?

 Sexual Violence Questions - h) Physically force you to have sexual intercourse with him even you did not want to? i) Force you to perform any other sexual acts you did not want to?

 Sexual Violence Questions j) Try or attempt to force you to have sexual intercourse with him or perform any other sexual acts against your will? k) Persuade or threaten you to have sexual intercourse with him or perform any other sexual acts against your will?

 Emotional Violence Questions Does/Did your (last) husband/ partner/boyfriend ever: a)Say or do something to humiliate you in front of others? b)Threaten to hurt or harm you or himself or someone close to you?

 Emotional & Economic Violence Questions c) Insult you or make you feel bad about yourself? d) Not allow you to engage in any legitimate work nor practice your profession?

 Emotional & Economic Violence Questions e)Control your own money or properties or force you to work? f)Destroy your personal properties, pets or belongings, or threaten or actually harm your pets? g)Have other intimate relationships?

Caveat Underreporting cannot be entirely ruled out Caution in interpreting overall prevalence of violence and differentials in prevalence between population subgroups

Challenge:  Culture of silence surrounds domestic violence that can affect reporting  Specific ethical concerns - sensitivity of topic safety of respondents and interviewers protection of women disclosing violence

Three specific built-in protections in WSM: 1) Only one eligible woman in each HH is asked of VAW

Three specific built-in protections in WSM: 2) Informed consent was obtained before start of individual interview; additional statement before start of WSM informing respondent that succeeding questions could be sensitive and reassuring confidentiality of responses

Three specific built-in protections in WSM: 3) WSM was implemented only in privacy; if privacy could not be obtained, skip module, thank respondent and end interview.

Women’s safety module interviewsUrbanRuralTotal Number of eligible women4,4105,0489,458 Number of eligible women interviewed with privacy 4,3534,9639,316 Women’s safety module response rate

National Statistics Office