Bluebook 101: Short Citation Forms (id., supra, hereinafter) R. 4 (and others) Gallagher Law Library, May 2011

Gallagher Law Library, May Purpose of Citation Citations enable your reader to find the sources you cite to evaluate your argument based (in part) on what you cite

Gallagher Law Library, May Short forms help readers by streamlining footnotes while preserving the ability to find and assess cited material

Gallagher Law Library, May Compare 12. Northern Spotted Owl (Strix Occidentalis Caurina) v. Hodel, 716 F.Supp. 479 (W.D. Wash. 1988) (Zilly, J.). 13. Northern Spotted Owl (Strix Occidentalis Caurina) v. Hodel, 716 F.Supp. 479, 480 (W.D. Wash. 1988) (Zilly, J.). 14. Northern Spotted Owl (Strix Occidentalis Caurina) v. Hodel, 716 F.Supp. 479, 480 (W.D. Wash. 1988) (Zilly, J.). 15. Northern Spotted Owl (Strix Occidentalis Caurina) v. Hodel, 716 F.Supp. 479, 481 (W.D. Wash. 1988) (Zilly, J.). 16. Northern Spotted Owl (Strix Occidentalis Caurina) v. Hodel, 716 F.Supp. 479, 481 (W.D. Wash. 1988) (Zilly, J.).

Gallagher Law Library, May with 12. Northern Spotted Owl (Strix Occidentalis Caurina) v. Hodel, 716 F.Supp. 479 (W.D. Wash. 1988) (Zilly, J.). 13. Id. at Id. 15. Id. at Id.

Gallagher Law Library, May Id. short for “idem” (Latin for “same”) used when citing the very same thing you cited just before can be different page or section or even volume

Examples 25. United States v. Am. Library Ass’n, 539 U.S. 194 (2003) 26. Id. 27. Id. at See 3 J. P ETTIGREW S CHOLAR, B IG T REATISE ON L AW § 14.6 (2006). 29. See id. at § id. at § 23.1 (2005).

Gallagher Law Library, May Id. used within a footnote 60. See, e.g., Dan Jerker B. Svantesson, Geo-Location Technologies and Other Means of Placing Borders on the ‘Borderless' Internet, 23 J. M ARSHALL J. C OMPUTER & I NFO. L. 101, 137 (2004) (arguing that “geo-location technologies may...eliminate the regulatory difficulties associated with the Internet's ‘borderlessness”’); see also id. at (describing filtering technologies available for website operators and accuracy rates). 120 Harv. L. Rev. 1031, 1041 (2007)

Gallagher Law Library, May What’s wrong with this? 54. See, e.g., This Guy v. That Guy, 390 F.3d 123 (9th Cir. 2007); Whosis v. Whatchamacallit, 330 F.3d 321 (6th Cir. 2005). 55. Id.

Gallagher Law Library, May Supra and hereinafter OK to use for:Generally not OK to use for: books articles reports nonprint sources legislative hearings internal cross-refs cases statutes constitutions restatements

Gallagher Law Library, May Font Use the same font as if citing the whole work – e.g., – large and small caps for book authors – ordinary roman for author of law review article

Gallagher Law Library, May Examples 107. J ANE K. W INN & B ENJAMIN W RIGHT, T HE L AW OF E LECTRONIC C OMMERCE § 3.3 (4th ed. 2007) This Company v. That Company, 200 P.3d 789 (Cal. 2005) See W INN & W RIGHT, supra note See also Svantesson, supra note 60, at 120.

Gallagher Law Library, May Use Hereinafter if supra form would be cumbersome if supra form would be ambiguous

Gallagher Law Library, May Examples 84. See U.S. G EN. A CCOUNTING O FFICE, C HARITABLE C HOICE : F EDERAL G UIDANCE ON S TATUTORY P ROVISIONS C OULD I MPROVE C ONSISTENCY OF I MPLEMENTATION (2002) [hereinafter GAO, C HARITABLE C HOICE ]. Other stuff, another source. 85. See GAO, C HARITABLE C HOICE, supra note 84, at Harv. L. Rev. 1353, 1377 (2003)

Gallagher Law Library, May Word Tips for Cross-References Legal Andrew, Harness the Power of Word Cross-References for Mammoth DocumentsHarness the Power of Word Cross-References for Mammoth Documents

Gallagher Law Library University of Washington School of Law Box Seattle WA We are happy to have our guides used by other libraries, librarians, and legal researchers. Before copying or adapting one of our guides, please contact Cheryl Nyberg (cnyberg [at] uw.edu) to obtain permission. Then give appropriate attribution, such as: "Adapted from a guide by Mary Whisner at the Gallagher Law Library website." Gallagher Law Library, May 2011,