The complete history of the Universe (abridged) The Big Bang and the Cosmic Microwave Background (With thanks to Angela Taylor)Sutton Trust Summer School.

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Presentation transcript:

The complete history of the Universe (abridged) The Big Bang and the Cosmic Microwave Background (With thanks to Angela Taylor)Sutton Trust Summer School 2005 Keith Grainge

The Hubble Deep Field

Optical Spectra Atoms and molecules absorb and emit at particular frequencies  line spectra. Atoms and molecules absorb and emit at particular frequencies  line spectra. Can learn temperature, density, and chemical composition. Can learn temperature, density, and chemical composition. Also velocity … Also velocity …

The Doppler Effect for EM radiation

Hubble, law Hubble’s Law Hubble’s Data (1929) v = H 0 d recession Hubble distance velocity constant

Expansion of the Universe (Wayne Hu’s web page: background.uchicago.edu/~whu)

Evolution of the Universe Age of Universe (Billion years) Relative size of Universe Flat Universe ‘Big Crunch’ Accelerating Universe -10 Now

Ingredients of the Universe Radiation Dark Matter Ordinary matter Dark Energy

Geometry of the Universe ‘Positively’ curved ‘Negatively’ curved Flat

The Cosmic Microwave Background The background is the left over radiation from the Big Bang. It has now cooled to a temperature of 2.7 K

The Cosmic Microwave Background Imprint in the background due to the motion of the Earth, about 1 part in 1,000 of the total intensity

The Cosmic Microwave Background The ripples in the background correspond to only about one part in 100,000 of the total intensity

Map of SkyPower Spectrum PowerPower PowerPower PowerPower 1/Angular Size

GROUND BASED INSTRUMENTS … INSTRUMENTS …

FLYING FROM BALLOONS …

PLANCK WMAP – flying now SATELLITE MISSIONS

The Very Small Array

Observatorio del Teide, Tenerife

VSA RESULTS – Jan 2004

VSA Power Spectrum

WMAP Power Spectrum (Power) (1/Angle on sky)

The Age of the Universe … 13.7 Billion Years

Geometry of the Universe … FLAT

Ingredients of the Universe …

The local Universe - Galaxies Spiral Galaxy M63 If this were our Galaxy, our Sun would be located about here

The Universe on the Largest Scale - the Cambridge APM survey Over 2 million galaxies in direction of the South Galactic pole. The map covers about one tenth of the sky

Structure Formation (Simulation and movie courtesy of Andrey Kravtsov)

Interacting Galaxies

HST image of colliding galaxies NGC 4038 and NGC 4039

Summary  After the Big Bang the Universe was hot and smooth.  As it expanded it cooled.  The CMB is a picture of the Universe when it was only 300,000 years old.  Under the influence of gravity structure has formed.