For use with Technical Editing 3e although, but, however This presentation explains how these words affect sentence structure and punctuation. 8/01 For use with Technical Editing 3e

For use with Technical Editing 3e although but however These three words are related semantically (in meaning): they all signal a contrast in the information that follows with the information that precedes. 8/01 For use with Technical Editing 3e

For use with Technical Editing 3e However, these words differ structurally: they are different parts of speech and affect sentence patterns in different ways. although but however 8/01 For use with Technical Editing 3e

although, but, however semantic similarity structural difference An editor needs to know the structural difference in order to punctuate sentences correctly. 8/01 For use with Technical Editing 3e

although, but, however sentence patterns and punctuation Punctuation errors can result from using the words as interchangeable. Misreading can result from errors. 8/01 For use with Technical Editing 3e

For use with Technical Editing 3e parts of speech 8/01 For use with Technical Editing 3e

For use with Technical Editing 3e sentence analysis Although I have studied the textbook, I am still confused. two clauses (2 pairs of subject + verb) subordinating conjunction (“although”) dependent clause complex sentence: comma after the introductory clause 8/01 For use with Technical Editing 3e

For use with Technical Editing 3e sentence analysis I have studied the textbook, but I am still confused. coordinating conjunction (“but”) two independent clauses compound sentence: comma separates clauses with a coordinating conjunction 8/01 For use with Technical Editing 3e

For use with Technical Editing 3e sentence analysis I have studied the textbook; however, I am still confused. conjunctive adverb (“however”); joins clauses but does not affect the sentence pattern two independent clauses compound sentence, no coordinating conjunction-->semicolon 8/01 For use with Technical Editing 3e

For use with Technical Editing 3e sentence analysis I am confused. I have, however, studied the textbook. adverb (“however”) two simple sentences the adverb is an interrupting word that requires a pair of commas 8/01 For use with Technical Editing 3e

review although, but, however Parts of speech affect sentence patterns. Although, but, and however are different parts of speech. although--subordinating conjunction but--coordinating conjunction however--conjunctive adverb 8/01 For use with Technical Editing 3e

For use with Technical Editing 3e review sentence types compound sentence = two independent clauses join with comma plus coordinating conjunction join with a semicolon complex sentence = one independent clause, one dependent clause join with a comma or nothing (never a semicolon) 8/01 For use with Technical Editing 3e

review although, but, however Although makes a clause dependent and the sentence complex. But joins independent clauses in a compound sentence. However can join independent clauses but does not change their independence. 8/01 For use with Technical Editing 3e

editing: original sentence When editors analyze sentence structure, they punctuate correctly; although it is easy to confuse different parts of speech. 8/01 For use with Technical Editing 3e

For use with Technical Editing 3e editing: analysis dependent clause (S+V + subordinating conjunction) independent clause (S+V) When editors analyze sentence structure they punctuate correctly although it is easy to confuse different parts of speech. 8/01 For use with Technical Editing 3e

option for punctuation #1 Delete the semicolon (or replace it with a comma): maintain complex sentence. When editors analyze sentence structure, they punctuate correctly died although it is easy to confuse different parts of speech. 8/01 For use with Technical Editing 3e

option for punctuation #2 Replace although with however and retain the semicolon: create a compound sentence. When editors analyze sentence structure, they punctuate correctly; however, it is easy to confuse different parts of speech. 8/01 For use with Technical Editing 3e

For use with Technical Editing 3e Choosing an option In this case, the second option is easier to read because it has two independent clauses rather than two dependent clauses. 8/01 For use with Technical Editing 3e

For use with Technical Editing 3e although, but, however know parts of speech know the ways these words affect clauses punctuate according to structure 8/01 For use with Technical Editing 3e