Anatomy Unit 4: Cell Theory & Cellular Structures

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Presentation transcript:

Anatomy Unit 4: Cell Theory & Cellular Structures

Cell Theory Term “cell” was coined in 1665 by Robert Hooke when he looked at a slice of dried cork. He also observed that: All living things are comprised of cells. Cells are the smallest “living” unit in an organisms. Cells come from previously existing cells.

Cell Diversity Lots of shapes and sizes

Typical Cell

Cell Organization

Cell Organization The cell includes two basic parts: Cell Membrane (outer covering of cell) Cytoplasm Cytosol (fluid portion of the cytoplasm) Organelles (cell “organs” or functional parts)

Cell Membrane Outer boundary Physical Chemical Comprised of two layers of lipid (fat) Outer and inner layers Proteins Proteins give the cell its unique “personality” or function

Cell Membrane

Function of Membrane Proteins Transport (in and out of cell) Receptors Cell adhesion Cell recognition

Cell Organization

Cytoplasm Is comprised of: Cytosol (fluid portion of the cytoplasm) Organelles (cell “organs” or functional parts)

Cytosol Intracellular fluid Contains dissolved nutrients, ions, proteins and waste products

Organelles Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) A network of membrane-bound tunnels throughout the cytoplasm

ER Rough ER Smooth ER

Ribosomes Particles attached to ER are ribosomes. Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis within every cell.

Golgi Apparatus Flattened membranes Involved in packaging and secretion of proteins

Golgi Apparatus

Mitochondria Bean shaped Outer and inner membranes

Mitochondria Inner membrane folded into cristae Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) produced on cristae. ATP is high energy compound. ATP only produced in mitochondria.

Nucleus

Nucleus Control center of cell Contains DNA/chromosomes Genetic repository for ~ 35,000 genes Genes control the synthesis of proteins in each cell. Red blood cells don’t have a nucleus. Skeletal muscle cells have multiple nuclei.