Chapter 4 Exploration in Socialist Road Topic 2: Socialism with Chinese Characteristics Sub-Theme 2 Modernization and Transformation of China

Deng Xiaoping suggested to build socialism with Chinese characteristics1982 Four Special Economic Zones were established1980 One-child family policy introduced1979 Deng Xiaoping initiated his Reform and Openness Policy1978 Deng Xiaoping was rehabilitated1977EventsYear Time Track Socialism with Chinese Characteristics

Dengs thoughts and vision He was a pragmatist He thought that Socialist construction in China must have Chinese characteristics He followed Zhou Enlais idea of Four Modernizations agriculture, industry, science and technology, and defence He carried out Reform and Openness Policy a dual policy of economic reforms and opening up the country to the outside world At the same time, the socialist principle of distribution should be maintained

Socialism with Chinese Characteristics Reforms in agriculture Provide greater material incentives Loosen control mechanisms Economic development Household Responsibility System Each household received a plot of land They have full responsibility over its planning and cultivating They could also keep or sell surplus crops in the free market

Socialism with Chinese Characteristics Reforms in industry In the early 1950s: central planning and emphasized the development of heavy industry Dengs reform Aim to raise the enthusiasm for work, to release the full potential of workers and to improve the standard of living Core of the reform: Industrial Responsibility System More work could yield more pay People were also allowed to own and operate their small businesses No matter whether the cat is black or white, so long as it catches mice

Socialism with Chinese Characteristics The openness policy Since 1972, limited commercial relations with foreign countries began Foreigners were encouraged to visit China and invest capital The establishment of the Special Economic Zones: Served as laboratories for Chinese economic reforms After that, many more of Chinas major ports and coastal cities were opened to foreign trade and investment In 1980, four Special Economic Zones were opened: Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou and Xiamen

Socialism with Chinese Characteristics The results Growing prosperity in the rural areas and substantial improvement in the living standards of the peasants Urban life had became more substantial and modern Commercial and scientific interaction with foreign countries grew rapidly Problems brought by economic reforms Gap between the rich and the poor widen Problems of corruption and serious crime Rapid inflation Reform on state enterprises led to unemployment

Socialism with Chinese Characteristics Reforms in education Restored tough examinations for admission to universities Time spent on political education and manual work was decreased Social development Birth Control The One-child family policy was introduced in the early 1980s It was the system of reward and punishment Although the birth rate slowed down, but the policy was not popular

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