APES AP Test Review Jeopardy 3 A: The Atmosphere B: Air Pollution C: Ozone & Global Warming D: Water Resources E: Water Pollution 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500 Final Jeopardy

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A-100 ANSWER: The 4 layers of the atmosphere, from bottom to top QUESTION: What are troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere and thermosphere?

A-200 ANSWER: The curving of winds and ocean currents as a result of the earth’s rotation. QUESTION: What is the Coriolis Effect?

A-300 ANSWER: The boundary between 2 air masses, where the most dramatic weather changes occur. QUESTION: What is a weather front?

A-400 ANSWER: A change in the direction of tropical winds warms coastal surface water, suppresses upwellings, and causes changes in global weather. QUESTION: What happens during an El Niño?

A-500 ANSWER: Strong winds that circle the earth in the upper troposphere and influence weather patterns below. QUESTION: What are Jet Stream winds?

B-100 ANSWER: Warm air sits on top of cooler air and traps pollutants (which can build to harmful levels) in the lower layer. QUESTION: What occurs in a temperature inversion?

B-200 ANSWER: At this level, they are small enough to reach the lower part of the lungs and contribute to respiratory diseases. QUESTION: What are PM-2.5s? (< 2.5 μ)

B-300 ANSWER: These are the 6 criteria air pollutants found in outdoor air, as determined by the EPA QUESTION: What are CO, NO2, SO2, PMs (or SPM), O3 and Pb?

B-400 ANSWER: These are the 4 most dangerous pollutants in a type of pollution that is usually a much greater threat to human health than outdoor air pollution. QUESTION: What are cigarette smoke, formaldehyde, radioactive radon-222 gas and very small fine/ultrafine particles to indoor air pollution?

B-500 ANSWER: This combination creates (photochemical) smog. QUESTION: What happens when air pollutants form from the reaction of nitrogen oxides and VOCs under the influence of sunlight?

C-100 ANSWER: The “bad” type occurs as a pollutant in the troposphere, the “good” type is at the top of the stratosphere. QUESTION: Where do the 2 types of ozone occur?

C-200 ANSWER: A category of organic compounds containing chlorine that react with ozone (destroying the ozone layer). QUESTION: What are CFCs (chlorinated fluorocarbons)?

C-300 ANSWER: It makes life on earth possible by trapping some solar energy and keeping earth’s temperatures moderate. QUESTION: What is the benefit of the natural greenhouse effect?

C-400 ANSWER: The 2 major greenhouse gases QUESTION: What are carbon dioxide and water vapor?

C-500 ANSWER: 3 suggestions for reducing greenhouse gas emissions QUESTION: What are reducing fossil fuel use, using more renewable energy, and reduce human population/poverty (other answers possible)

D-100 ANSWER: A thermocline QUESTION: What is the zone of temperature change from warm surface water to colder deep water?

D-200 ANSWER: Flooded land area is destroyed, fish migration and spawning are disrupted, costly to construct QUESTION: What are disadvantages of dams (& reservoirs)?

D-300 ANSWER: The 2 major problems concerning water availability, and the 2 major uses of water in the U.S. QUESTION: What are flooding and water shortages, and what are agriculture and power plant cooling?

D-400 ANSWER: The 4 marine life zones. QUESTION: What are the coastal zone, the euphotic zone, the bathyal zone and the abyssal zone?

D-500 ANSWER: 3 ways to increase the supply of fresh water in an area. QUESTION: What are: build dams and reservoirs, transfer water from another area, and withdraw ground water? (also, desalinization, waste and use less water)

E-100 ANSWER: Excess nitrogen and phosphorus in water cause this. QUESTION: What causes eutrophication?

E-200 ANSWER: Infectious agents, oxygen-demanding wastes, inorganic chemicals and organic chemicals QUESTION: What are the 4 major types of water pollutants?

E-300 ANSWER: This results in thermal pollution QUESTION: What happens when there is input of heated water into a water source that can disrupt aquatic life?

E-400 ANSWER: Primary and secondary wastewater treatment QUESTION: What are the physical processes that remove large floating objects and solids followed by biological and chemical processes to treat sewage?

E-500 ANSWER: The maximum daily pollution amount allowed for a pollutant in a body of water (including sediments) QUESTION: What is TMDL (total maximum daily load)?

FINAL JEOPARDY ANSWER: The ability of a surface to reflect light. QUESTION: What is albedo?