THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODERN STATE NARRATIVE EMBROIDERY, 231 FEET BY 19 INCHES, PROVIDES IMPORTANT HISTORICAL INFORMATION OF NORMAN & ANGLO SAXON WARRIOR.

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODERN STATE NARRATIVE EMBROIDERY, 231 FEET BY 19 INCHES, PROVIDES IMPORTANT HISTORICAL INFORMATION OF NORMAN & ANGLO SAXON WARRIOR CLASS Edward the Confessor (c ) dies and the crown passes to King Harold II (c ). In April of that year, Halley's Comet passes overhead (bottom right).

THE IBERIAN PENINSULA & HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE Obj: How did Kings consolidate political power in Spain & the HRE?

DEVELOPMENT OF MUSLIM SPAIN 711 DEFEATED VISIGOTHS ABD AL-RAHMAN ARABIC LANGUAGE OF BUSINESS DISTINCTLY PLURALISTIC AGRICULTURALLY ADVANCED ABD AL-RAHMAN III CHRISTIAN SPAIN NORTH & PORTUGAL CIVIL WAR ENSUED

RECONQUISTA OF SPAIN 11 TH – 15 TH CENTURIES PLURALISTIC SOCIETY WILL BEGIN TO FRAGMENT MUSLIM & CHRISTIAN RELATIONS DISINTIGRATE VIEWS OF THE STATE CHRISTIAN VIEW – GEOGRAPHIC & MUSLIM VIEW – WHEREVER MUSLIMS LIVE CASTILE LARGEST CHRISTIAN KINGDOM KING ALFONSO VI 1085 CAPTURE TOLEDO BRIEFLY TAKEN BACK BY ALMORAVIDS OF NORTH AFRICA 1212 RECAPTURED BY ALFONSO VIII ( ) AT LAS NAVAS DE TOLOSA

BEGINNING OF POLITICAL ORGANIZATION ESTABLISHED REPRESENTA- TIVE ASSEMBLIES: CORTES CLERGY,NOBILITY & URBAN DWELLERS ALL MEMBERS BUT MET SEPARATELY CHRISTIANIZATION OF FORMER MUSLIM AREAS VALENCIA MOSQUE 1233 NOW A CATHEDRAL (SIMILAR FATE TO HAGIA SOPHIA) SPAIN HIGHLY URBANIZED DUE TO MUSLIM INFLUENCE EXPEL MUSLIMS, RECRUIT EURO-PEANS

SPAIN & SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA PILGRIMAGES PART OF MANY RELIGIONS ST. JAMES TOMB FOUNDED IN N. SPAIN UNDER ALFONSO II CONSTRUCTION OF CATHEDRAL UNDER ALFONSO VI AT SITE OF ST. JAMES TOMB LEGEND SAYS ST. JAMES BEGAN EXPULSION OF MUSLIMS OUT OF SPAIN BUT LIVED 600 YEARS BEFORE MOHAMMED ROLE OF RELICS IMPORTANT – INTERCESSION ON YOUR BEHALF – DONATION FUNDED CHURCH

HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE BY 11 TH CENTURY OTTO I ( ) RELIED ON CHURCH FOR $ & ARMY FROM CHURCH LANDS, PAY HOMAGE CROWNED EMPEROR BY POPE IN AACHEN – ELECTED POSITION REGIONAL AUTHO- RITY: TERRITORIAL LORDSHIP CIVIL WAR MOST OF 12 TH CENT. ELECTION OF FRED. BARBAR- OSSA IMPERIAL AUTHORITY FIRST LANDFRIEDEN – PEACE ASSOC. USE OF ROMAN LAW TO JUSTIFY ITALIAN EXPEDITIONS BATTLE OF LEGNANO

FINANCES & ECONOMY IN HRE NORMAN DOMINATION IN SICILY ROGER I & SON ROGER II FREDERICK I & FREDERICK II – VIEW ITALY AS REVENUE PRODUCING N. ITALIAN CITY-STATES & PAPAL STATES NOT INTERESTED & DEFEAT IN LEGNANO COMPROMISE N. ITALY REMAINS INDEPENDENT BUT PAYS ANNUAL FEE TO F. BARBAROSSA HENRY VI SON OF F.B. STRONGEST RULER SINCE CHARLEMAGNE BUT PREMATURE DEATH & EMPIRE FELL APART FREDERICK II RAISED IN SICILY & COSMOPOLITAN & FOCUS ON ITALY SO GERMAN PRINCES TAKE OVER

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