Earth Science Prepared by: Aljemae H. Dagatan Mary Chenee M. Romarez Val Daniel P. Dumat-ol

Introduction: A businessman would like to increase his earnings through mining. Learning about his interest in the field, three companies immediately came up with project proposals for three different mineral reserves. Company A proposed for manganese, Company B recommended phosphates; Company envision a coal mining industry. However, the businessman, seeing the project to involve a huge amount of money, thought of hiring your expertise as a team MINERAL EXPERTS to help him decide where to invest .

Task: Your job in this web quest is to come up with a PowerPoint Presentation that contains everything the businessman should know in order for him to make a profitable decision as to which company should he be getting. The team involved in this quest must have the following experts to come up with a strong credible advice; a. Geologist b. Economist c. Industrialist

Geologist suggest that………

Manganese is: Manganese is a chemical element, designated by the symbol Mn. Manganese is a silvery-gray metal resembling iron. It is hard and very brittle, difficult to fuse, but easy to oxidize.[1] Manganese metal and its common ions are paramagnetic. Manganese makes up about 1000 ppm (0.1%) of the Earth's crust, making it the 12th most abundant element there.[ 18] Soil contains 7–9000 ppm of manganese with an average of 440 ppm.[18] Seawater has only 10 ppm manganese and the atmosphere contains 0.01 µg/m3.[18]

Phosphates are: Phosphate ore is found from 15 to 50 feet below the ground, generally in equal parts of sand, clay and phosphate rock. Draglines - or huge cranes that could easily hold several full-sized cars - remove the top layer of soil, and scoop up the phosphate matrix. The matrix is put in a pit where high-pressure water guns create a slurry that can be pumped to a processing plant. The "beneficiation" process separates the sand and clay from the phosphate rock. After the largest particles are removed, the slurry is run through a hydrocyclone that uses centrifugal force to remove the clay. Waste clay is pumped to a settling pond. Sand and sand-sized phosphate particles - called "flotation feed" - are put through a process which uses chemical reagents, water and physical force to separate the sand and phosphate. Remaining sand is pumped back to the mine where it will be used to restore the site when mining is complete. The rock is trucked to chemical processing plants, like Piney Point.

cCoal Mining is: The goal of coal mining is to economically remove coal from the ground. Coal was mined from underground. Coal was mined from underground with a pick and shovel. Methods of extraction 1. Modern surface mining 2. Area mining 3.Contour mining 4.Mountaintop removal mining 5.Room and pillar mining 6.Underground mining a. Long wall mining b. Continuous mining c. Blast mining d. Shortwall mining e. Retreat mining

Economist suggest that…………….

Manganese is:

Phosphates

Coal Mining is:

While Industrialist suggest that………..

Industrial Properties of Manganese: Manganese (Mn) has become a critical component in metallurgical applications. It has a two-fold application in that it scavenges impurities such as oxygen, sulphur and other elements during the steel making process as well as adding toughness, hardness and abrasion resistance to steel in the form of an alloying component. Approximately 90% of the manganese consumed in the world are used in manganese ferroalloys as well as manganese metal in the production of iron and steel. Manganese metal is also used in the production of nonferrous products such as aluminum alloys. The non-metallurgical applications include manganese chemicals for use in fertilizers, bricks and paint, and water purification. Some of the main minerals containing manganese are pyrolusite, psilomelane and rhodochrosite.

Industrial Properties of Phosphates: A phosphate, an inorganic chemical, is a salt of phosphoric acid. In organic chemistry, a phosphate, or organophosphate, is an ester of phosphoric acid. Organic phosphates are important in biochemistry and biogeochemistry or ecology. Inorganic phosphates are mined to obtain phosphorus for use in agriculture and industry. At elevated temperatures in the solid state, phosphates can condense to form pyrophosphates.

Industrial Processes of Coal: Finely ground bituminous coal, known in this application as sea coal, is a constituent of foundry sand. While the molten metal is in the mould the coal burns slowly, releasing reducing gases at pressure and so preventing the metal from penetrating the pores of the sand. It is also contained in mould wash, a paste or liquid with the same function applied to the mould before casting. Sea coal can be mixed with the clay lining (the "bod") used for the bottom of a cupola furnace. When heated the coal decomposes and the bod becomes slightly friable, easing the process of breaking open holes for tapping the molten metal.

Conclusion: Therefore, the best mineral to be used by the businessman is coal its because it can help the businessman to earn more.

Sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_mining http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/page/acr/table31.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphate http://www.baysoundings.com/sum02/behind.html http://www.infomine.com/commodities/manganese.asp http://www.mbendi.com/indy/ming/mang/p0005.htm

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