STAGE 6 TEST REVIEW TIME WILL BE LIMITED TOMORROW, SO PLEASE BE ON TIME. PLEASE BRING YOUR COMPLETED STAGE 6 REVIEW FOR 5 POINTS BONUS.

Test Format 82 Questions Reading passage (13 lines) 10 m/c comprehension questions 5 grammar questions (tense of verbs) 10 derivatives 5 m/c “choose the best translation” 15 t/f Culture 5 matching (id the verb tense) 10 m/c (match subject, either singular or plural, to verb) 6 noun ending matching (he, she, they) 5 m/c (describe the action in the picture) 6 adsum, ades, adest, adsunt OR absum, abes, abest, absunt aderam, aderat OR aberam, aberat

Culture Review What were six conditions one had to endure as a slave? Loss of freedom Possibly being sold away from your family Possibly having your family sold away from you No individual rights or liberties Unable to make any decisions for yourself Treated as a child, as for decision making What did the law consider slaves to be? Property Describe how the slaves' lives were intertwined with free people's lives. Slaves often lived in the homes of their master. Slaves and free men were often found working together. 

Culture Review 4. How was slavery regarded in these times? A normal and necessary part of life 5. In what three ways did good masters show kindness to their slaves? They were sometimes treated like family members. They might be properly educated. They might be given their freedom. They may be able to own property. 6. What were three ways to become a slave? Prisoner of war Captured by pirates & sold into slavery Born into slavery 7. By the first century A.D. what was the ratio of slaves to free people? 30%-40% of the population or 1/3 – almost 1/2

Culture Review 8. How many slaves did most families own? A few to a dozen, depending upon an individual’s wealth 9. How many slaves did Caecilius own? 12 10. What was special about Pedanius Secundus? He had 400 slaves (in his house, wow!) 11. What were four areas where slaves worked outside of the city? Farms, mines, shepherds or ranchers, building roads 12. What were eight types of jobs done by city slaves? Cooks, gardeners, general servants, hairdressers, laborers in factories, musicians, actors, entertainers, accountants, secretaries, school teachers, doctors, midwives, managers of businesses or corporations, etc.

Culture Review 14. Why were foreign travelers surprised when they visited Rome or Italy? There was so little visible difference between slaves and a poor free men, whether in dress, work or treatment. 15. What usually dictated the way masters treated their slaves? Common sense 16. What were three circumstances under which a slave might be freed? Freeing an educated or trained slave was common. Freedom could be given as a reward (like Felix). Freedom was given upon the death of the master. 17. What was the earliest age at which a slave could be freed? 30

Culture Review 18. What was manumissio? The act of freeing a slave; manus - hand & mitto – to send 19. What was a libertus? An ex-slave 20. Describe three ceremonies for freeing slaves. A formal, legal ceremony in front of a judge A witness, with the master and the slave both present, pronounced that the slave was not owned by the master. The master would not deny the claim, and then the slave’s head would be touched with a rod. A master might just make a declaration of freedom in front of witnesses or he might invite the friend to recline on the couch and share dinner with him.

Culture Review 21. In what two activities could a freedman not participate? He could not be a candidate for election or become a high-ranking officer in the military. 22. In what two activities was a freedman attached to his former master? An ex-slave would be a cliens to his ex-master and visit him regularly to pay his respects. He had to work for him for a fixed number of days per year. 23. What did the freedman take from his master? His name 24. How could freedmen earn a living? They often did the same work as when they were slaves. Often they were set up in business by their ex-masters. 25. Who were the Vettii and what of theirs remains today? They were freedmen who lived in Pompeii. They owned a magnificent house in Pompeii which is still their today. 26. How was a freedman related to our family in Pompeii?  Caecilius’ father was a freedman.

NOUNS Infans furem spectabat. NOMINATIVE AND ACCUSATIVE SINGULAR & PLURAL GIVE THE NUMBER (SING.PL.), CASE, & MEANING OF THE UNDERLINED NOUNS. Infans furem spectabat. The infant was watching the thief. Sing., nominative Multi spectatores actorem exspectant. Many spectators are waiting for the actor. Sing., accus. 1ST DECLENSION SING. PL. NOMINATE (SN) -a -ae ACCUSATIVE (DO) -am (-as) 2nd DECLENSION SING. PL. NOMINATE (SN) -us, -um -i ACCUSATIVE (DO) (-os) 3rd DECLENSION SING. PL. NOMINATE (SN) - -es ACCUSATIVE (DO) -em

NOUNS CONT. SELECT THE CORRECT NOUN OR PRONOUN _____furem pulsat. Mater/ matrem Mater furem pulsat. The mother hits the thief. fur_____petivit. infans/infantem Fur infantem petivit. The thief headed for the child. ____amicum ad villam invitas. Tu/ego Tu amicum ad villam invitas. You invite the friend to the house.

PRONOUNS DIRECTIONS: Select the correct pronoun that takes the place of the underlined noun. He She They Agricolae are coming to town. They Clemens is not working. He Metella et Caecilius are here. They

Caecilius et Metella ad theatrum ambulabant. VERB TENSE DIRECTIONS: GIVE THE TENSE OF THE FOLLOWING UNDERLINED VERBS. Caecilius et Metella ad theatrum ambulabant. Caecilius and Metella were walking to the theatre. IMPERFECT Metella coquum laudavit. Metella praised the cook. PERFECT present Sing. Pl. 1st pers. -o - 2nd pers. -s 3rd pers. -t -nt Imperf. Sing. Pl. 1st pers. - 2nd pers. 3rd pers. -bat -bant perfect Sing. Pl. 1st pers. - 2nd pers. 3rd pers. -it -erunt (am, is, are, do, does) (was, were) (has, have, did, -ed)

VERB TENSE CONT. festinat Hurries = present tense Bibebant were drinking = imperfect tense portaverunt Carried = perfect present Sing. Pl. 1st pers. -o - 2nd pers. -s 3rd pers. -t -nt Imperf. Sing. Pl. 1st pers. - 2nd pers. 3rd pers. -bat -bant Perfect Sing. Pl. 1st pers. - 2nd pers. 3rd pers. -it -erunt (am, is, are, do, does) (was, were) (has, have, did, -ed)

VERB TENSE CONT. vendebant They were selling. = imperfect tense superavit He overcame. = perfect tense sunt They are = present tense (verb of being) Present Verb of being Sing. Pl. 1st pers. sum - 2nd pers. Es 3rd pers. est sunt Imperf. Sing. Pl. 1st pers. - 2nd pers. 3rd pers. -bat -bant Perfect Sing. Pl. 1st pers. - 2nd pers. 3rd pers. -it -erunt (am, is, are, do, does) (was, were) (has, have, did, -ed)

VERB TENSE CONT. erant They were. = imperfect tense (verb of being) recitabat He was reciting. = imperfect Imperf. Verb of being Sing. Pl. 1st pers. - 2nd pers. 3rd pers. erat erant Imperf. Sing. Pl. 1st pers. - 2nd pers. 3rd pers. -bat -bant Perfect Sing. Pl. 1st pers. - 2nd pers. 3rd pers. -it -erunt (am, is, are, do, does) (was, were) (has, have, did, -ed)

They are absent. = present tense aderat He was here. = imperfect tense COMPOUNDED VERBS: verbs formed with the preposition ad (to) or ab (away from) absunt They are absent. = present tense aderat He was here. = imperfect tense adest He is present. = present Imperf. Verb of being Sing. Pl. 1st pers. eram - 2nd pers. eras 3rd pers. erat erant Present Verb of being Sing. Pl. 1st pers. sum - 2nd pers. es 3rd pers. est sunt (am, are) (was, were)

They are here. = present tense aberam I was out. = imperfect tense COMPOUNDED VERBS: verbs formed with the preposition ad (to) or ab (away from) adsunt They are here. = present tense aberam I was out. = imperfect tense abes You are absent. = present Imperf. Verb of being Sing. Pl. 1st pers. eram - 2nd pers. eras 3rd pers. erat erant Present Verb of being Sing. Pl. 1st pers. sum - 2nd pers. es 3rd pers. est sunt (am, are) (was, were)

DERIVATIVES What do you think the following English words mean based on their Latin root? furtive (furtive) sneaky Vituperation (vituperation) Fault finding, cursing Superable (Superable) Able to be accomplished Fortitude (fortitude) bravery

TERMS TO KNOW Manumissio Verna Alumnus Peculium Act of freeing a slave Slave born into a household Alumnus Slave acquired as a small child Peculium Money owned by a slave.